Expression and Localization of Cytosolic Sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 and SULT1A3 in Normal Human Brain

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are a family of Phase II drugmetabolizing enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfonate group from 3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate to endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Several SULT isoform messages have been detected in the human brain; however, protein expression patterns have not been characterized. Immunoblot analysis of the SULT1A1 and 1A3 isoforms was carried out with cytosolic fractions isolated from superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, cerebellum, occipital pole, frontal pole, and temporal pole regions of normal adult human brains. SULT1A1 expression was highest in cytosolic fractions isolated from cerebellum, occipital, and frontal lobes, whereas, SULT1A3 expression was highest in cytosol from superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, and temporal lobe. SULT1A1 and SULT1A3 immunoreactivities were found in both neurons and glial cells by immunohistochemical analysis in all brain regions studied. SULT1A1 is known to catalyze the metabolism of small phenols, whereas SULT1A3 sulfates catecholamine neurotransmitters. Because SULT1A1 and 1A3 have distinct substrate specificities, the differences in expression pattern and cellular localization of the SULT1A isoforms are probably associated with the distribution and function of their selective substrates in the different brain regions.

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furfural (HMF) – Heat-Induced Formation, Occurrence in Food and Biotransformation - a Review

“…Human SULT isoforms have a widespread tissue distribution and are expressed in many tissues including liver, lung, brain, skin, platelets, breast, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract [Salman et al, 2009]. Moreover, humans express SULT in extrahepatic tissues more extensively than rodents do and may therefore be more sensitive to HMF [Teubner et al, 2007].…”

Melatonin Metabolism in the Central Nervous System

“…However, the brain is known to express various sulfotransferases. Although the focus has mostly been on sulfation of polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix, low molecular weight metabolites have also been shown to be conjugated by sulfotransferase subforms, including those catalyzing the sulfation of catecholamines [117], xenobiotics [133], N-acylated dopamine derivatives [4], thyroxine [133] and neurosteroids [31]. In the case of neurosteroid sulfates, specific neuromodulatory roles different from the nonconjugated molecules have been assumed [31].…”

Ethanol Sulfation by the Human Cytosolic Sulfotransferases: A Systematic Analysis

“…39,40) It is to be noted as well that SULTs, including SULT1A1 and SULT1A3, are expressed in other tissues/organs including brain, skin, and placenta. [41][42][43] Taking the tissue distributions of the major ethanol-sulfating SULTs into consideration, the sulfation of ethanol may possibly occur in not only liver and small intestine but also other tissues/organs. For SULT1C4, another major ethanol-sulfating SULT, its expression was mainly detected in the fetal tissues/organs including lung, liver, small intestine, and kidney.…”