Expression of mRNA for cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 in human tissues

O’Neill, Gary P.; Ford‐Hutchinson, A. W.

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)80263-t

Cited by 541 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…An interesting question remains of how other cells of the kidney that are able to express COX are affected by high PGE # concentrations. Recent studies have noted that the kidney has low but measurable levels of COX-2 mRNA [30,31]. The fact that COX-2 mRNA has the AUUUA motif in its 3h-untranslated region [1], which is considered an mRNA-instability determinant, indicates the necessity of continuous stimulation for its expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E2 on the induction of nitric oxide- and prostanoid-forming pathways in cultured rat mesangial cells

Nüsing

Klein

Pfeilschifter

et al. 1996

Biochemical Journal

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Cyclic AMP (cAMP) represents an important cellular signalling molecule. We analysed the effect of dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP), a cell-permeable and stable derivative of cAMP, on the regulation and expression of cyclo-oxygenase 2, inducible NO synthase and argininosuccinate synthetase. We observed different transcriptional regulation of these enzymes depending on the dbcAMP concentration used. Low concentrations of db-cAMP in the range 10-50 µM elevated levels of cyclo-oxygenase 2 mRNA, protein and activity, but not the respective mRNA and protein concentrations of the inducible NO synthase or argininosuccinate synthetase. At higher concentrations a massive induction of the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E2 on the induction of nitric oxide- and prostanoid-forming pathways in cultured rat mesangial cells

Nüsing

Klein

Pfeilschifter

et al. 1996

Biochemical Journal

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“…39 Although controversy exists on this point, COX-1 and -2 expression might be higher in the prostate in general regardless of disease processes. 40 Outcomes data up to 20 years ago indicated a cancer chemopreventive effect for anti-inflammatory medications. 41 Large epidemiologic studies have examined this effect in celecoxib in a variety of cancers.…”

Section: Celecoxibmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Akt pathways in the treatment of prostate cancer

Nelson

Evans

Mack

et al. 2007

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Akt is a serine/threonine kinase mediating multiple intracellular pathways involved in prostate cancer (CaP) biology. Increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of Akt activation and signaling have led to the development of an increasing number of Akt inhibitors. These biologic agents demonstrate activity against a wide range of cancers in preclinical studies. Clinical studies of Akt inhibition in CaP are in progress, including agents such as celecoxib, perifosine and genistein. How best to integrate Akt inhibitors with standard CaP therapy or select patients most likely to benefit is the subject of ongoing research.

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“…[5][6][7] The expression and role of COX-2 in prostate cancer has been a topic of several reports over the decade. 8,9 There exists some controversy over the expression, detection and the putative role of COX-2 in prostate carcinogenesis and progression. While early studies reported high-level expression of COX-2 in prostate, findings from subsequent studies have been mixed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cyclooxygenase‐2 (cox‐2) expression is an independent predictor of prostate cancer recurrence

Cohen

Gómez

Omori

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Lack of reliable prognostic markers hinders accurate prediction of disease progression in prostate cancer. The inducible proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is implicated in prostate carcinogenesis, but its role in cancer progression is less clear. We examined whether COX-2 expression evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens can predict biochemical recurrence. Archival prostate cancer specimens (n 5 60) were obtained from patients who underwent RP, but had not received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Twentythree patients had biochemical or clinical recurrence (mean time of recurrence: 38.2 months), and 37 patients were recurrence free (mean follow-up: 95 months). COX-2 expression was determined by IHC, using an anti-COX-2 antibody. Three individuals scored the staining independently, as high-or low-expression. COX-2 was expressed in prostate cancer cells, in adjacent normal glands and in specimens from patients who later progressed. At 62-months follow-up, COX-2 staining predicted progression with 82.4% sensitivity and 81.3% specificity. Sensitivity (86.4%) and specificity (86.7%) improved at 100-months follow-up. In univariate analysis, Gleason score, preoperative PSA, extraprostatic extension, margin, seminal vesicle invasion, and high COX-2 expression were significant predictors of biochemical recurrence (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, preoperative PSA (hazard ratio/unit PSA change 1.080; p 5 0.0036) and COX-2 expression (hazard ratio 16.442; p < 0.0001) were independent prognostic indicators. Patients with PSA > 7 ng/ml and high COX-2 expression had the highest probability of recurrence (Kaplan-Meier analysis). COX-2 expression is an independent predictor of prostate cancer progression following RP and underscores the significance of inflammatory factors in this process. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: inflammation; immunohistochemistry; PSA; cancer progression; prognostic indicators; multivariate analysis; tumor markers Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are prostaglandin endoperoxide synthases, which are rate limiting enzymes in the conversion of the fatty acid arachidonic acid into physiologically active eicosanoids such as prostaglandin, thromboxane and prostacyclin. 1 COX-2 is the inducible form of COX that is frequently elevated in cancer tissues. [2][3][4] Although the mechanism of COX-2 action in carcinogenesis or progression is not well established, COX-2 inhibitors have been shown to be chemopreventive in cancer, specifically in colorectal cancer. [5][6][7] The expression and role of COX-2 in prostate cancer has been a topic of several reports over the decade. 8,9 There exists some controversy over the expression, detection and the putative role of COX-2 in prostate carcinogenesis and progression. While early studies reported high-level expression of COX-2 in prostate, findings from subsequent studies have been mixed. [10][11][12] Typically, later studies reported low or no expression in normal, benign prostatic hyperplasi...

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Expression of mRNA for cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 in human tissues

Cited by 541 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E2 on the induction of nitric oxide- and prostanoid-forming pathways in cultured rat mesangial cells

Effect of cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E2 on the induction of nitric oxide- and prostanoid-forming pathways in cultured rat mesangial cells

Inhibition of Akt pathways in the treatment of prostate cancer

Cyclooxygenase‐2 (cox‐2) expression is an independent predictor of prostate cancer recurrence

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