Expression of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in kenaf cultivars (Hibiscus cannabinus) under field conditions

Adegbite, A. A.; Agbaje, G. O.; Akande, M. O.; Amusa, N. A.; Adetumbi, J. A.; Adeyeye, Olajumoke

doi:10.1007/bf03356270

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Untuk mengetahui dan menggolong-golongkan tingkat ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan NPA dipergunakan metode ZECK (1971). Sedangkan untuk mengetahui factor reproduksi (R) larva digunakan metode CANTO-SAENZ (1985) dan SASSER et al (1984), seperti yang telah dilakukan oleh ADEGBITE et al (2005) dan juga DALMADIO et al (1998), dengan rumus :…”

Section: Variasi Ketahanan Genotipe Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinusunclassified

“…Hasil penelitian GRIFFIN dan JENSEN (1997) tentang pengaruh suhu terhadap serangan M. halpha dan M. chitwoodi pada tanaman legum membuktikan bahwa suhu sangat berpengaruh nyata pada daya patologi nematoda tersebut. Suhu serangan paling tinggi terjadi pada temperatur 25 0 -30 0 C. Sementara itu ADEGBITE et al (2005) menyatakan bahwa tanah berpasir merupakan tempat yang paling disukai larva M. incognita.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

“…THOMAS dan WHELAN (1991) menyatakan bahwa adanya sumber gen ketahanan dari jenis tanaman untuk perakitan varietas tahan terhadap suatu penyakit merupakan hal yang sangat penting.Pada umumnya tanaman kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) tidak tahan penyakit NPA. Namun, kerabat dekat kenaf dari jenis liar seperti H. radiatus (radiatus) diketahui mengandung gen ketahanan terhadap NPA(DAS, 1995) ADEGBITE et al (2005). dan SETYO-BUDI et al (2005) juga telah membuktikan dengan penelitian, bahwa tanaman kenaf umumnya tidak tahan terhadap serangan NPA, sedangkan H. radiatus dan H. asetosela tahan dan cukup baik sebagai donor sifat ketahanan NPA.…”

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VARIASI KETAHANAN GENOTIPE KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) TERHADAP NEMATODA PURU AKAR (Meloidogyne incognita)

Setyo-Budi¹,

Sudjindro²,

Purwati³

2020

j. penelitian tanam. industri

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ABSTRAKNematoda puru akar (Meloidogyne sp.) merupakan penyakit yangtergolong penting dan banyak menyerang pertanaman kenaf di lahanpengembangan maupun pembenihan, sehingga banyak menimbulkankerugian bagi petani karena terjadi penurunan produktivitasnya. Tanamankenaf (H. cannabinus) umumnya tidak tahan nematoda, namun kerabatdekat kenaf dari jenis liar seperti H. radiatus (radiatus) diketahuimengandung gen ketahanan terhadap nematoda. Persilangan inter spesifikantara kenaf dan radiatus yang beda spesies, diharapkan akan dapatmentransfer gen ketahanan dari radiatus ke kenaf, sehingga diperolehvarietas unggul kenaf yang tahan nematoda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui variabilitas genetik sifat ketahanan tanaman kenafterhadap serangan M. incognita pada F1 dibandingkan dengan keduatetuanya. Kegiatan persilangan interspesifik antara kenaf (H. cannabinus)dan radiatus (H. radiatus) dilakukan di KP. Karangploso Malang padaTahun 2002, sedangkan uji ketahanan nematoda puru akar (M. incognita)terhadap keturunan dan kedua tetuanya dilaksanakan di Desa Kendalrejo,Kabupaten Blitar pada bulan Februari s/d Agustus 2003. Pengujianketahanan di lapang dilakukan menggunakan metode baris tanpa ulanganpada jarak tanam 20 x 20 cm, dengan perlakuan terdiri dari lima set hasilpersilangan dan kedua tetuanya yakni 20 populasi F1, 20 populasi P1 dan20 populasi P2, dengan masing-masing populasi 20 tanaman. Hasil ujitanah di laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kandungan larva M.incognita (sebagai populasi awal) adalah sebesar 96 ekor/100 ml tanahdan dikategorikan sangat tinggi. Sedangkan hasil identifikasi sidik pantat(berdasarkan perenial patternnya) terhadap larva betina dewasa diketahuibahwa jenis nematoda di lokasi penelitian adalah dari spesies Meloidogyneincognita. Pengamatan dan perhitungan larva M. incognita dilakukan diLaboratarium Hama dan Penyakit Balittas, Malang. Pengamatan dilakukanterhadap jumlah puru akar per tanaman, kerusakan akar tanaman, danpopulasi larva M. incognita dalam tanah sebagai faktor R (R = reproduksilarva). Untuk menggolong-golongkan tingkat ketahanan terhadap M.incognita digunakan metode Zeck melalui indeks kerusakan akar. Darihasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, semua keturunan F1 dari 5persilangan interspesifik antara KR 6 x Kal II, KR 11 x Kal II, KR 12 xKal II, Hc G-1 x Kal II, dan Hc G-51 x Kal II tidak ada yang tahanterhadap serangan M. incognita. Nilai ketahanan genotipe F1 terletak diantara tetua jantan (Kal II/ radiatus) yang tahan dan tetua betina (kenaf)yang sangat rentan.Kata kunci : Hibiscus cannabinus L., interspesifik, variabilitas genetik,ketahanan, Meloidogyne incognitaABSTRACTResistance variability of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)genotypes to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognitaL.)Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is an importantdisease on kenaf plantation in the development area and its nursery. Thiscondition generates reduce of productivity and loss of farmers’ income.Kenaf plants are generally not resistant to nematode infestation, so theyneed resistant gene from other species (H. radiatus) to be transfered to H.cannabinus by interspecific hybridization. The objective of this researchwas to obtain genetic variability of kenaf resistance to Meloidogyneincognita attact. Interspecific hybridization between H. cannabinus and H.radiatus was conducted at KP Karangploso, Malang in 2002. Meanwhile,evaluation of F1 lines and their parents to M. incognita resistance wasconducted at Kendalrejo, Blitar on February to August 2003. In this area,the type of soil is medium fertile-light-sandy soil containing high densitiesof root-knot nematode larvae. Five sets of F1 resulted from hybridizationbetween H. canabinus and H. radiatus and their parents were planted in arow method without replication. Subsequently, these seeds were used asthe materials in this study. The observation and evaluation of these larvaewas performed at the Phytopathology Laboratory of the IndonesianTobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute, Malang. The preliminaryresult showed that the average of the initial population was 96 larvae per100 ml of soil, which is categorized as a very high larvae content.Furthermore, the identification to the adult female larvae (perennial patternmethod) showed that the root-knot nematode found in the location ischaracterized as M. incognita. Parameters observed were total number ofgall per plant, degree of root damage, and populations of M. incognitalarvae in the soil as a R-factor (R = larvae reproduction). The degree ofresistance to M. incognita are analyzed according to Zeck method usingroot damage index. Results of this research are : all F1 from fiveinterspesific hybridization between KR 6 x Kal II, KR 11 x Kal II, KR 12x Kal II, Hc G-1 x Kal II, and Hc G-51 x Kal II are still more sucseptiblecompared to their male parent (Kal II) which is resistant to root-knotnematode.Key words : Hibiscus cannabinus L., interspecific, genetic variability,resistance, Meloidogyne incognita

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Section: Variasi Ketahanan Genotipe Kenaf (Hibiscus Cannabinusunclassified

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

unclassified

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VARIASI KETAHANAN GENOTIPE KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) TERHADAP NEMATODA PURU AKAR (Meloidogyne incognita)

Setyo-Budi¹,

Sudjindro²,

Purwati³

2020

j. penelitian tanam. industri

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“…Gejala yang khas akibat serangan nematoda adalah terdapatnya puru pada akar. Gejala yang lebih parah akan menyebabkan tanaman kerdil, layu, dan akhirnya mati (Adegbite et al 2005). Pada tanaman kenaf kerusakan akibat serangan nematoda bisa mencapai 60% karena tanaman kenaf yang terserang akan mengalami ganguan fisiologis yang mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi akar (Zhang & Noe 1999).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Pengaruh Rizobakteri dalam Meningkatkan Kandungan Asam Salisilat dan Total Fenol Tanaman terhadap Penekanan Nematoda Puru Akar

Wijayanti

Rahardjo²,

Himawan³

2018

Bul. Tan. Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri

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Penyakit puru akar pada tanaman kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) yang disebabkan oleh nematoda Meloidogyne spp. mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas serat. Kolonisasi rizobakteri dalam rizosfer berperan sebagai antagonis yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam ketahanan tanaman terhadap patogen. Peran rizobakteri sebagai bioprotektan dapat menurunkan populasi nematoda yang akan mempengaruhi perkembangan patogen penyebab penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rizobakteri yang potensial dalam meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman kenaf terhadap infeksi nematoda Meloidogyne spp. melalui pembentukan metabolit sekunder diantaranya kandungan total fenol dan asam salisilat. Aplikasi rizobakteri dengan cara perendaman dan tanpa perendaman baik secara tunggal maupun konsorsium. Rizobakteri yang digunakan terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, dan Azotobacter sp. Pengamatan kandungan total fenol dan asam salisilat diamati pada 15 dan 25 hari setelah inokulasi dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometer. Peningkatan total fenol dan asam salisilat tertinggi diperoleh ketika benih kenaf direndam dengan bakteri P. fluorescens berturut-turut sebesar 513,45% dan 235,99%. Terdapat peningkatan bobot kering tanaman kenaf dengan aplikasi rizobakteri dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Effect of Rhizobacteria in Content of Salicylic Acid and Total Phenol of Kenaf Against Nematodes Infections Root knoot disease of kenaf caused by nematodes Meloidogyne spp. is an important disease since it lowers quality and quantity of the fiber. Colonization of rhizobacteria in rhizosphere acts as an antagonist that can be utilized in plant resistance to pathogens. The role of rhizobacteria as a bioprotectan could reduce nematode population, and thus affect development of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of rhizobacteria in improving kenaf resistance against root knot nematode by inhibiting the production of total phenols and salicylic acid. Application of rhizobacteria was done by soaking or without soaking kenaf seeds either singly or in consortium. There were three rhizobacteria used in this study, i.e: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Azotobacter sp. The content of total phenols and salicylic acid was observed at 15 and 25 days after inoculation using a spectrophotometer. The highest elevation level of total phenols and salicylic acid was obtained when kenaf seeds were soaked in P. fluorescens 513,45% and 235,99% respectively. There is an increase dry weight of kenaf with aplication of rhizobacteria compared with controls.

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“…Fiber in both the retted and raw forms is used in the manufacturing of cordage and newsprint. The increases in global demand for paper and paperboard materials have increased the importance of Kenaf as a wood substitute (Adegbite et al, 2005). It is estimated that Kenaf is 3 to 5 times more productive per unit area of land than pulpwood trees and produces a pulp that is equal or superior to many woods (Theisen et al, 1978) Insect pests infestation is one of the major factors militating against the cultivation of crops from the family Malvaceae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Weather Factors on the Population Density of Oxycarenus spp. (Hemiptera: Lygaidae) on Roselle and Kenaf

Alamu¹,

Amao²,

Dahunsi³

et al. 2018

Nig J Bas App Sci

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Roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus are two important fibre crops in most parts of Africa. Insect pests are one of the major constraints in the production of these crops. The cotton seed bug Oxycarenus spp. attacks Roselle and Kenaf during the seed formation stage and cause reduction in seed viability. This study examined the effect of weather factors namely, relative humidity, temperature, sunshine and soil evaporation on the population density of Oxycarenus spp. on Roselle and Kenaf during the planting seasons 2012 and 2013. The treatments consisted of two types of Roselle (Green-calyxed and Redcalyxed) and Kenaf. The experiment was laid out in the field using Randomized Complete Block Design and the treatments were replicated four times. The results showed that the population of Oxycarenus spp. was significantly (p<0.05) higher on green-calyxed H. sabdariffa and red-calyxed H. sabdariffa than on Kenaf in 2012 and 2013. The differences in the density of the bug per fruit on green-calyxed H. sabdariffa and redcalyxed H. sabdariffa were significant in the two planting seasons. Relative humidity in the morning and maximum temperature correlated positively and negatively, respectively with the density of Oxycarenus spp. during the two planting seasons. Sunshine hours per day correlated positively, while soil temperature and soil evaporation had a negative correlation with the bug density. This information on the seasonal variation in the bug density and its relationship with weather factors could be used in pest forecasting for these fibre crops which is an important tool in formulating a successful pest management programme.

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Expression of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in kenaf cultivars (Hibiscus cannabinus) under field conditions

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

VARIASI KETAHANAN GENOTIPE KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) TERHADAP NEMATODA PURU AKAR (Meloidogyne incognita)

VARIASI KETAHANAN GENOTIPE KENAF (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) TERHADAP NEMATODA PURU AKAR (Meloidogyne incognita)

Pengaruh Rizobakteri dalam Meningkatkan Kandungan Asam Salisilat dan Total Fenol Tanaman terhadap Penekanan Nematoda Puru Akar

The Effect of Weather Factors on the Population Density of <i>Oxycarenus </i>spp. (Hemiptera: Lygaidae) on Roselle and Kenaf

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