Expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human leukocytes: responses to running exercise

Nieß, Andreas M.; Sommer, Markus J.; Schlotz, Elke; Northoff, Hinnak; Dickhuth, Hans-Hermann; Fehrenbach, Elvira

doi:10.1097/00005768-200007000-00006

Cited by 39 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…We recently showed that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6, and HSP27 are upregulated after exercise at mRNA and protein levels (15,16,44). It remains to be shown which role the upregulation of MAPKAP-K2 mRNA as demonstrated in this study may play for the posttranscriptional modification of these and possibly other substrates in exercise.…”

Section: Gene Expression Changes Not Attributable To Obvious Cellularmentioning

confidence: 64%

cDNA microarray analysis reveals novel candidate genes expressed in human peripheral blood following exhaustive exercise

Zieker

Fehrenbach

Dietzsch

et al. 2005

Physiological Genomics

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Section: Gene Expression Changes Not Attributable To Obvious Cellularmentioning

confidence: 64%

cDNA microarray analysis reveals novel candidate genes expressed in human peripheral blood following exhaustive exercise

Zieker

Fehrenbach

Dietzsch

et al. 2005

Physiological Genomics

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“…It is believed that this exercise effect is related to the upregulation of eNOS [10,29,35]. Although it has been reported that vigorous exercise induces iNOS expression in leukocytes [19], whether iNOS plays any role in the exercise effect on vascular cells has not been examined before. Previous studies suggest that vascular smooth muscle cells express the iNOS gene only when they are stimulated by cytokines or lipopolysaccharide [4,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Exercise Increases Both Inducible and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells of Rat Aorta

et al. 2002

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Chronic exercise upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene expression. Whether the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is affected by exercise is unknown. We therefore investigated the effects of chronic exercise on iNOS and eNOS expression in isolated rat aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells separately. Five-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and exercise groups. After 10 weeks of running training, animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia. The standard curve quantitative competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method was used to quantify NOS mRNA expression in isolated endothelial/smooth muscle cells. To evaluate the functional role of iNOS, we examined phenylephrine-induced vascular responses with or without pretreatment with aminoguanidine. We found that (1) expression of iNOS and eNOS mRNA in endothelial cells was increased by chronic exercise and (2) chronic exercise blunted phenylephrine-induced vascular responses, probably by increasing NO release via iNOS. Our results show that chronic exercise increases both iNOS and eNOS gene expression in endothelium. These alterations may be partially responsible for the change in vascular response after exercise.

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“…47 In humans, skeletal muscle expresses eNOS and nNOS isoforms, in addition to mNOS, 48 a skeletal muscle-specific isoform resulting from alternative splicing of nNOS mRNA. 49 In addition to skeletal muscle and endothelial cells, 50 circulating leukocytes 51 produce NO that could also affect muscle function.…”

Section: The Possible Role Of Free Fatty Acids On Heat Production Vamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of fatty acids in the transition from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle during exercise

Hirabara

Silveira

Abdulkader

et al. 2006

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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In moderate physical exercise, the transition from predominantly anaerobic towards predominantly aerobic metabolism is a key step to improve performance. Increase in the supply of oxygen and nutrients, such as free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose, which accompanies high blood flow, is required for this transition. The mechanisms involved in the vasodilation in skeletal muscle during physical activity are not completely known yet. In this article, we postulate a role of FFA and heat production in this process. The presence of uncoupling protein-2 and -3 (UCP-2 and -3) in skeletal muscle, whose activity is dependent on FFA, suggests that these metabolites can act as mitochondrial uncouplers in this tissue. Evidence indicates however that UCPs act as uncouplers only when coenzyme Q is predominantly in the reduced state (i.e. under nonphosphorylation conditions or state 4 respiration) as is observed in resting muscles and in the beginning of physical activity (predominantly anaerobic metabolism). The increase in the lipolytic activity in adipose tissue in the beginning of physical activity results in elevated plasma FFA levels. The FFA can then act on the UCPs, increasing the local heat production. We propose that this calorigenic effect of FFA is important to activate nitric oxide synthase, resulting in nitric oxide production and consequent vasodilation. Therefore, FFA would be important mediators for the changes that occur in muscle metabolism during prolonged physical activity, ensuring the appropriate supply of oxygen and nutrients by increasing blood flow at the beginning of exercise in the contracting skeletal muscles.

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Expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human leukocytes: responses to running exercise

Cited by 39 publications

References 21 publications

cDNA microarray analysis reveals novel candidate genes expressed in human peripheral blood following exhaustive exercise

cDNA microarray analysis reveals novel candidate genes expressed in human peripheral blood following exhaustive exercise

Chronic Exercise Increases Both Inducible and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells of Rat Aorta

Role of fatty acids in the transition from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle during exercise

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