Expression of two kallikrein gene family members in the rat prostate

Brady, James M.; Wines, Debora R.; MacDonald, Raymond J.

doi:10.1021/bi00438a043

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Mouse kallikrein expression in the prostate has not yet been demonstrated. Two members of the closely related rat kallikrein gene family have been found to be expressed in both prostate and submandibular gland (17). To compare PSA promoter specificity in transgenic mice with the promoter specificity of endogenous mouse kallikreins, we determined which, if any, of the mouse kallikrein genes was expressed in prostate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 6-kb Promoter Fragment Mimics in Transgenic Mice the Prostate-Specific and Androgen-Regulated Expression of the Endogenous Prostate-Specific Antigen Gene in Humans

Cleutjens

Korput

Eekelen

et al. 1997

Molecular Endocrinology

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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a kallikrein-like serine protease, which is almost exclusively synthesized in the luminal epithelial cells of the human prostate. PSA expression is androgen regulated. Previously, we characterized in vitro the proximal promoter, and a strong enhancer region, approximately 4 kb upstream of the PSA gene. Both regions are needed for high, androgen-regulated activity of the PSA promoter in LNCaP cells. The goal of the present study is the in vivo characterization of the PSA promoter. Three transgenic mouse lines carrying the Escherichia coli LacZ gene, driven by the 632-bp proximal PSA promoter, and three lines with LacZ, driven by the 6-kb PSA promoter, were generated. Expression of the LacZ reporter gene was analyzed in a large series of tissues. Transgene expression could not be demonstrated in any of the transgenic animals carrying the proximal PSA promoter. All three lines carrying the 6-kb PSA promoter showed lateral prostate-specific ␤-galactosidase activity. Transgene expression was undetectable until 8 weeks after birth. Upon castration, ␤-galactosidase activity rapidly declined. It could be restored by subsequent androgen administration. A search for mouse PSA-related kallikrein genes expressed in the prostate led to the identification of mGK22, which was previously demonstrated to be expressed in the submandibular salivary gland. Therefore, the 6-kb PSA-LacZ transgene followed the expression pattern of the PSA gene in humans, which is almost completely prostate-specific, rather than that of mGK22 in mice. In conclusion, the 6-kb promoter fragment appears to contain most, if not all, information for androgen regulation and prostate specificity of the

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 6-kb Promoter Fragment Mimics in Transgenic Mice the Prostate-Specific and Androgen-Regulated Expression of the Endogenous Prostate-Specific Antigen Gene in Humans

Cleutjens

Korput

Eekelen

et al. 1997

Molecular Endocrinology

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“…Several proteins of the kallikrein family have been purified from the rat submandibular gland (SMG), including rK8 (Elmoujahed et al, 1990), which is identical to P1 (Brady et al, 1989), and rK9, which has previously been named prostatic protease (Winderickx et al, 1989). SEV (Yamaguchi et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In human prostate, two kallikrein-like genes have been detected, and one of these has been identified as the gene encoding prostate-specific antigen (Lundwall and Lilja, 1987;Schedlich et al, 1987). In rat prostate, two "As, rKlk8 (formerly mRNA PI) and rKlk9 (formerly mRNA S3), have been sequenced (Brady et al, 1989;Winderickx et al, 1989). Recently, the corresponding proteins for these two kallikrein-like "As, rK8 and rK9, have been purified from the rat ventral prostate, whereas other proteins of the kallikrein family were not detected (Schpyen et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical localization of rK9, an enzyme of the kallikrein gene family, in the rat ventral prostate.

Berg

Schøyen²

1995

J Histochem Cytochem.

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The rat kallikrein family consists of multiple closely related proteins. Most of these proteins have been purified from rat submandibular gland (SMG), among them rK9, an enzyme that has a direct vasoconstrictory effect on isolated aortic rings. Recently, two members of the kallikrein family, rK8 and rK9, were also purified from rat prostate, whereas other family members were not detected in this organ. In the present study, the immunohistochemical localization of rK9 was determined in rat prostate by the indirect immunofluorescence technique with polyclonal antisera against rat SMG rK9 in the first layer. The crossreactivity pattern of the antiserum against rat prostate tissue extract was established by flat-bed isoelectrofocusing and immunoblotting. The antiserum reacted with prostate rK9 but not with prostate rK8. Specificity of the immunofluorescent staining reaction was verified by staining with the primary antiserum after addition of purified SMG or prostate rK9, or other members of the kallikrein family including prostate rK8. rK9-specific immunofluorescence was detected in the prostate ductal structures. In the distal (acinar) segments, rK9 was found in the cytoplasm as granular staining in the middle third of the cell, in the luminal cell wall, and in the secretion within the lumen. In the intermediate segments, strong rK9-specific staining was observed adhering to the luminal wall as well as abundantly within the ductal lumen.

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“…Previous Northern hybridization analyses of the expression patterns of individual rat and mouse family members suggested that the expression of each might be limited to a few organs, and that these sites were often shared by different members (see e.g., Wines et al, 1989;van Leeuwen et al, 1986;Ashley and MacDonald, 1985b;Brady et al, 1989;Clements et al, 1990;Ma et al, 1992). Comparisons were constrained, however, because generally few organ sites were examined, and those examined were often different for various family genes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disparate Tissue-specific Expression of Members of the Tissue Kallikrein Multigene Family of the Rat

MacDonald

Southard‐Smith

Kroon

1996

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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To understand the regulatory diversity of the rat family of linked kallikrein genes, we have assayed the expression of family members in 20 major organs. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis using primers and hybridization probes specific for each of the 10 expressed kallikrein genes showed that no two family members share the same organ-specific pattern of expression. The only common site of expression for all 10 known active genes is the submandibular gland. The presence of the mRNA for at least one family member is detected in 19 of these 20 organs (liver excepted), from as few as three organs to as many as 18 for individual family members. For individual genes there can be more than a 10 5 -fold variation in mRNA levels among organs, from a limit of detection of slightly less than 1 mRNA molecule/10 cells to more than 10,000 mRNA molecules/ cell. Despite high sequence conservation and close linkage, the members of this family are expressed in very different and complex patterns. A gradient of diversity of expression corresponds to the order of the genes within the kallikrein family locus.

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Expression of two kallikrein gene family members in the rat prostate

Cited by 36 publications

References 57 publications

A 6-kb Promoter Fragment Mimics in Transgenic Mice the Prostate-Specific and Androgen-Regulated Expression of the Endogenous Prostate-Specific Antigen Gene in Humans

A 6-kb Promoter Fragment Mimics in Transgenic Mice the Prostate-Specific and Androgen-Regulated Expression of the Endogenous Prostate-Specific Antigen Gene in Humans

Immunohistochemical localization of rK9, an enzyme of the kallikrein gene family, in the rat ventral prostate.

Disparate Tissue-specific Expression of Members of the Tissue Kallikrein Multigene Family of the Rat

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