“…Reliable diagnosis and time-efficient prognosis are important for maintenance and essential for fault detection and remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of critical components, such as batteries, bearings, and drivetrains (Strangas, Aviyente, Neely, & Zaidi, 2013;Orchard, Hevia-Koch, Zhang, & Tang, 2013;Cheng & Pecht, 2009;Capolino & Filippetti, 2013;Immovilli, Bianchini, Cocconcelli, Bellini, & Rubini, 2013;Lou & Loparo, 2004;Bellini, Filippetti, Tassoni, & Capolino, 2008;Zhang et al, 2011). Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is widely used in navigation, mission planning, economic prediction, and state estimation due to the simplicity and capability to handle nonlinear systems (Lall, Lowe, & Goebel, 2011;Lall, Wei, & Goebel, 2012).…”