Extended-Spectrum beta (β)-Lactamases and Antibiogram in Enterobacteriaceae from Clinical and Drinking Water Sources from Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia

Abera, Bayeh; Kibret, Mulugeta; Mulu, Wondemagegn

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166519

Cited by 52 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In contrast the Cephalosporins (Ampicillin/ Cloxacillin, Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate, and Cefuroxime axetil) with the exception of Ceftriaxone, Imipenem and Cefoxitin, were not as effective, especially against the gram negative isolates, these results were consistent with the findings of other researchers [14,15]. This could be as a result of a growing resistance to the β-lactams component of these antibiotics, by β--lactamase producing bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus [27], suggesting the development of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); and especially extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producers such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis, which possess grave consequences to public health [28,12,29].…”

Section: Figure 1: Comparative Analysis On the Level Of Bacterial Consupporting

confidence: 88%

Bacterial contamination of toilet door handles on Baze University campus Abuja Nigeria

Alonge¹,

Auwal²,

Aboh³

2018

Af J Clin Exp Micro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: Contracting infectious diseases from microbial contaminated toilet door handles is a potential threat to public health and safety. Therefore we performed microbiological screening of toilet door handles in twelve рublic toilets on Baze University campus for bacterial contamination. Methodology and Results: Biochemical analysis of bacterial isolates from entrance toilet door handles in six building blocks on Baze University camрus, revealed a general contamination by mainly seven bacterial species associated with human gut and skin flora in order of decreasing frequency as follows: Staphylococcus aureus 42.9%; Salmonella typhimurium 21.4%; Escherichia coli 14.3%; Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9.5%; Proteus mirablis 4.8%; Klebsiella oxytoca 4.8%; and Klebsiella pneumoniae with 2.3% prevalence. Results of the total aerobic mesophillic count showed A-Block with the highest amount of contamination-768*10 5 CFU/ml, while B-Block had the least amount of bacterial contamination-473*10 5 CFU/ml. The levels of bacterial contamination in the other blocks were as follows: C-Block-710*10 5 CFU/ml, D-Block-695*10 5 CFU/ml, E-Block-567*10 5 CFU/ml, and F-Block-743*10 5 CFU/ml. Conclusion: Overall of the seven isolated bacterial sрecies five were mainly gut-associated bacteria, suggesting feacal contamination. The others were skin-associated bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), suggesting routine touch by hands, and soil-associated bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) suggesting contamination from settling dust рarticles. This study is relevant for public health and safety, as its findings reveal the presence of bacterial pathogens on toilet door handles, which is vital in preventing the spread of infectious disease.

show abstract

Section: Figure 1: Comparative Analysis On the Level Of Bacterial Consupporting

confidence: 88%

Bacterial contamination of toilet door handles on Baze University campus Abuja Nigeria

Alonge¹,

Auwal²,

Aboh³

2018

Af J Clin Exp Micro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There were also similar findings from studies conducted in Gondar (68.0%) [25], Dessie (74.6%) [26], Debre Markos: (72.2%) [21] and Nepal (64.0%) [27]. However, our result was lower than studies done in Sierra Leone (85.7 %) [24], Gondar (87.4%) [16], Bahir Dar (93.1%) [28], Nepal (96.8%) [29].The difference in magnitude of MDR isolates might be due to patient condition, definition for MDR and empirical treatment trend. In addition, our result was higher when compared to a previous study done in Jimma (59.3%) [30], Nepal (54.2%) [27], another study in Nepal by Lamichhane et al [31] reported (33.14%).…”

Section: Multi Drug Resistance Pattern Of Gram Negative Bacillisupporting

confidence: 87%

“…However, the magnitude of ESBLs production among GNB in our study was lower than studies done in Addis Ababa 57.7% [36], Bahir Dar 57.6% [28], North West Nigeria 58.0% [37], Southwestern Uganda 89% [38] and Southeast Iran 53.8% [23]. This wide variation might be due to differences in study population, type of specimen, sample size, the extent of antibiotic use and mainly the methodology used.…”

Section: Magnitude Of Esbls Producing Gram Negative Bacillicontrasting

confidence: 62%

Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase and AmpC Beta-lactamase producing gram negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens at International Clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tekele¹,

Teklu

Legese

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background : For Gram negative pathogens, production of beta-lactamase (β-lactamases) enzymes are the main mechanisms of resistance for most antimicrobial drugs. Of these β-lactamases, Extended spectrum Beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) are the commonest enzymes produced by gram negative bacilli which are main mechanisms for the resistance all generations of cephalosporins. This study was therefore, aimed to assess the magnitude of ESBL and AmpC producing gram negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from clinical specimens at International clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted between January to May 2018. From different clinical specimens, 338 GNB were isolated. Bacterial species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and β-lactamases screening were performed using phoenix automated system (BD phoenix 100 ). Cefoxitin resistant bacteria were confirmed for AmpC β-lactamases production by AmpC confirmatory disc. ESBLs production was confirmed using a combination disc method. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: The predominant GNB was E. coli 66.0% (224/338) followed by K. pneumoniae 12.1% (41/338). The overall magnitude of ESBL producing GNB was 38.8% (131/338) while AmpC β-lactamases producing GNB was 2.4% (8/338). The majority of ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases producing GNB were isolated from urine specimen 47.5% (116/338). Ampicillin (75.4%), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (64.0%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (55.6%) were most common resistance antibiotics. Multidrug resistance (MDR) level was 73.7% (249/338). Of ESBLs and AmpC β-lactamases producing GNB, 99.3% were MDR (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The magnitude of ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases producing GNB were significantly high which is worrying that needs intervention to minimize further occurrence and spread of such GNB. The MDR level was high which suggests continuous monitoring & reviewing of antimicrobial policy in hospitals and the country at large. Keywords: Extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase, Multidrug Resistance, Gram negative bacilli, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

show abstract

“…It has been assumed that the environment such as drinking water is one of the potential sources of ESBL producers in developing countries where no reliable waterworks and sewage systems have been equipped [155][156][157][158] . In those countries, various antimicrobial-resistant bacteria including ESBL producers have been recovered even from drinking water 155,157,159) and vegetables 160) . The origins of ESBL producers in drinking water were speculated to be the sewage or drainage from human and livestock [161][162][163][164][165] .…”

Section: Potential Source Of Esbl Genes Found In Healthy People 6-1 Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Its Rapid Rise among Healthy People

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since around the 2000s, Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistant to both oxyimino-cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones has remarkably increased worldwide in clinical settings. The kind of E. coli is also identified in patients suffering from communityonset infectious diseases such as urinary tract infections. Moreover, recoveries of multi-drug resistant E. coli from the feces of healthy people have been increasingly documented in recent years, although the actual state remains uncertain. These E. coli isolates usually produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), as well as acquisition of amino acid substitutions in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA and/or ParC, together with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants such as Qnr, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and QepA. The actual state of ESBL-producing E. coli in hospitalized patients has been carefully investigated in many countries, while that in healthy people still remains uncertain, although high fecal carriage rates of ESBL producers in healthy people have been reported especially in Asian and South American countries. The issues regarding the ESBL producers have become very complicated and chaotic due to rapid increase of both ESBL variants and plasmids mediating ESBL genes, together with the emergence of various "epidemic strains" or "international clones" of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring transferable-plasmids carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. Thus, the current state of ESBL producers outside hospital settings was overviewed together with the relation among those recovered from livestock, foods, pets, environments and wildlife from the viewpoint of molecular epidemiology. This mini review may contribute to better understanding about ESBL producers among people who are not familiar with the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatening rising globally.

show abstract

Extended-Spectrum beta (β)-Lactamases and Antibiogram in Enterobacteriaceae from Clinical and Drinking Water Sources from Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia

Cited by 52 publications

References 20 publications

Bacterial contamination of toilet door handles on Baze University campus Abuja Nigeria

Bacterial contamination of toilet door handles on Baze University campus Abuja Nigeria

Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase and AmpC Beta-lactamase producing gram negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens at International Clinical Laboratories, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Its Rapid Rise among Healthy People

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About