Extended‐Spectrum‐β‐Lactamase and Carbapenemase‐Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Food‐Producing Animals in Europe

Silva, Nuno; Carvalho, Isabel; Currie, Colin; Sousa, Margarida; Igrejas, Gilberto; Poeta, Patrícia

doi:10.1002/9781119282549.ch12

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…They hydrolyze a wide variety of β-lactams including penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems and β-lactamases inhibitors through carbapenemase encoding genes, mainly of class B metallo-β-lactamases (MBL), including imipenem metallo-β-lactamases (bla IMP ), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (bla NDM ) and Verona integron-encoded metalloβ-lactamases (bla VIM ) [14]. Carbapenemases are mostly detected in K. pneumoniae, with a lower extent in other enterobacterial species [15]. Although carbapenem and colistinresistant K. pneumoniae isolates have been documented in numerous human studies in Egypt [8,[16][17][18], no data are available on this issue from a veterinary overview.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Colistin and Carbapenem Resistance in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Chickens and Humans in Egypt

Elmonir

El-Aziz

Tartor

et al. 2021

Biology

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This study investigated the frequency of carbapenem and colistin resistance in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (ESBLK) isolates recovered from chickens and their environment, contact farm workers and hospitalized patients in Egypt. Further, the phenotypic and genotypic relationships between the community and hospital-acquired K. pneumoniae isolates in the same geographical area were investigated. From 272 total samples, 37 (13.6%) K. pneumoniae isolates were identified, of which 20 (54.1%) were hypervirulent. All isolates (100%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) with multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices ranging from 0.19 to 0.94. Colistin-resistant isolates (18.9%) displayed colistin MIC values >2 μg/mL, all harbored the mcr-1 gene. All isolates from patients (13/90, 14.4%), workers (5/22, 22.7%), chickens (9/100, 9%) and the environment (10/60, 16.7%) harbored a single or multiple β-lactamase genes, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M1 and blaOXA-1, often in combination with carbapenemase genes (blaVIM, blaNDM-1 or blaIMP; 45.9%), the mcr-1 gene (18.9%) or both (13.5%). Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)–PCR genotyping revealed 24 distinct ERIC types (ETs) with a discrimination index of 0.961. Six ETs showed clusters of identical isolates from chicken and human sources. The increased frequency and genetic relatedness of ESBLK and carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CPK) from chickens and humans pose a public health threat that urge more prudent use of antimicrobials in chicken farms to avoid the propagation and expansion of both ESBLK and CPK from the chicken sources to humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Colistin and Carbapenem Resistance in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Chickens and Humans in Egypt

Elmonir

El-Aziz

Tartor

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…These enzymes can be inhibited by β-lactam inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam through the covalent link to the serine residue active site ( Tooke et al, 2019 ). Mobile genetic elements, particularly plasmids, are involved in the spread of ESBL genes, resulting in the rapid increase of ESBL-producing bacteria among different sources ( Rozwandowicz et al, 2018 ; Silva et al, 2019 ). ESBLs are classified into several enzymatic groups, of which CTX-M, OXA, SHV, and TEM are frequently observed, CTX-M being the most prevalent ( Silva et al, 2019 ; Palmeira and Ferreira, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mobile genetic elements, particularly plasmids, are involved in the spread of ESBL genes, resulting in the rapid increase of ESBL-producing bacteria among different sources ( Rozwandowicz et al, 2018 ; Silva et al, 2019 ). ESBLs are classified into several enzymatic groups, of which CTX-M, OXA, SHV, and TEM are frequently observed, CTX-M being the most prevalent ( Silva et al, 2019 ; Palmeira and Ferreira, 2020 ). Currently, 230 CTX-M variants have been described according to GenBank records (last accessed on January 4, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, 230 CTX-M variants have been described according to GenBank records (last accessed on January 4, 2021). In Europe, the most frequently reported variants of Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from food-producing animals and food products are CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, and CTX-M-2, CTX-M-15 being associated with outbreaks of severe extraintestinal infections in humans caused by the multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli ST131 ( Silva et al, 2019 ; Palmeira and Ferreira, 2020 ). In Portugal, the CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, and CTX-M-32 variants were reported as the most prevalent in commensal and pathogenic E. coli isolated from food-producing animals and food products ( Clemente et al, 2019 ; Silva et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence and Clonal Spread of CTX-M-65-Producing Escherichia coli From Retail Meat in Portugal

et al. 2021

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The emergence and dissemination of resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins among Enterobacteriaceae from different sources impose a global public health threat. Here, we characterized by whole-genome sequencing four Escherichia coli strains harboring the blaCTX–M–65 gene identified among 49 isolates from beef and pork collected at retail. The genomic content was determined using the Center for Genomic Epidemiology web tools. Additionally, the prediction and reconstruction of plasmids were conducted, the genetic platform of the blaCTX–M–65 genes was investigated, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out using 17 other genomes with the same sequence type and harboring the blaCTX–M–65 gene. All strains harbored blaCTX–M–65, blaOXA–1, and blaTEM–1B, and one also carried the blaSHV–12 gene. Other resistance genes, namely, qnrS2, aac(6′)-Ib-c, dfrA14, sul2, tetA, and mphA, were present in all the genomes; the mcr-1.1 gene was identified in the colistin-resistant strains. They belong to sequence type 2179, phylogenetic group B1, and serotype O9:H9 and carried plasmids IncI, IncFIC(FII), and IncFIB. All strains share an identical genetic environment with IS903 and ISEcp1 flanking the blaCTX–M–65 gene. It seems likely that the blaCTX–M–65 gene is located in the chromosome in all isolates based on deep in silico analysis. Our findings showed that the strains are clonally related and belong to two sub-lineages. This study reports the emergence of CTX-M-65-producing E. coli in Portugal in food products of animal origin. The chromosomal location of the blaCTX–M–65 gene may ensure a stable spread of resistance in the absence of selective pressure.

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“…ESBL enzymes have been classified into three major subtypes: TEM, SHV and CTX-M β-lactamases. In animals, the most common genes associated with ESBL resistance are bla CTX-M-1 , bla CTX-M-2 , bla CTX-M-14 , bla CTX-M-15 , bla TEM-52 and bla SHV-12 [ 70 ]. The most frequently detected subtypes were bla CTX-M-1 and bla CTX-M-9 ( Supplementary Table S3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Plasmids and Genes Encoding Resistance to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli from Different Animal Sources

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobial resistance associated with the spread of plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes conferring resistance to third generation cephalosporins is increasing worldwide. However, data on the population of ESBL producing E. coli in different animal sources and their antimicrobial characteristics are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential reservoirs of ESBL-encoded genes in E. coli isolated from swine, beef, dairy, and poultry collected from different regions of the United States using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Three hundred isolates were typed into different phylogroups, characterized by BOX AIR-1 PCR and tested for resistance to antimicrobials. Of the 300 isolates, 59.7% were resistant to sulfisoxazole, 49.3% to tetracycline, 32.3% to cephalothin, 22.3% to ampicillin, 20% to streptomycin, 16% to ticarcillin; resistance to the remaining 12 antimicrobials was less than 10%. Phylogroups A and B1 were most prevalent with A (n = 92, 30%) and B1 (87 = 29%). A total of nine E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers by double-disk synergy testing and multidrug resistant (MDR) to at least three antimicrobial drug classes. Using WGS, significantly higher numbers of ESBL-E. coli were detected in swine and dairy manure than from any other animal sources, suggesting that these may be the primary animal sources for ESBL producing E. coli. These isolates carry plasmids, such as IncFIA(B), IncFII, IncX1, IncX4, IncQ1, CollRNAI, Col440I, and acquired ARGs aph(6)-Id, aph(3″)-Ib, aadA5, aph(3′)-Ia, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, mphA, ermB, catA1, sul1, sul2, tetB, dfrA17. One of the E. coli isolates from swine with ST 410 was resistant to nine antibiotics and carried more than 28 virulence factors, and this ST has been shown to belong to an international high-risk clone. Our data suggests that ESBL producing E. coli are widely distributed in different animal sources, but swine and dairy cattle may be their main reservoir.

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Extended‐Spectrum‐β‐Lactamase and Carbapenemase‐Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Food‐Producing Animals in Europe

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Emergence of Colistin and Carbapenem Resistance in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Chickens and Humans in Egypt

Emergence of Colistin and Carbapenem Resistance in Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Chickens and Humans in Egypt

Emergence and Clonal Spread of CTX-M-65-Producing Escherichia coli From Retail Meat in Portugal

Diversity of Plasmids and Genes Encoding Resistance to Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase in Escherichia coli from Different Animal Sources

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