External Factors Inducing Germination of Fern Spores

Weinberg, Eric S.; Voeller, Bruce R.

doi:10.2307/1546164

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…GA13 was less active than GA3. These results with GA4, GA7, and GA3 agree with previous results for A. phyllitidis (31).…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the schizaeaceous ferns Anemia, Lygodium, and Mohria, GA can substitute for the light requirement and also induce precocious antheridium formation (15,22,31). Weinberg and Voeller (32) have suggested that a GA-like germination-stimulating compound is synthesized in response to the light treatment in Anemia phyllitidis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some GAs have been shown to be more effective than others for induction of germination in darkness and precocious antheridium formation (23,24,28,31). The antheridiogens from A. phyllitidis and Anemia mexicana have also been shown to stimulate germination in darkness and premature antheridium formation (14,15,18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing Spore Germination and Early Gametophyte Development in Anemia mexicana and Anemia phyllitidis

Nester¹,

Coolbaugh²

1986

Plant Physiol.

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“…GA13 was less active than GA3. These results with GA4, GA7, and GA3 agree with previous results for A. phyllitidis (31).…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing Spore Germination and Early Gametophyte Development in Anemia mexicana and Anemia phyllitidis

Nester¹,

Coolbaugh²

1986

Plant Physiol.

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“…The same antheridogen induces Anemia but not Onoclea spores to dark-germinate. This phenomenon has been documented in a variety of fern species using antheridogens A (19), B (9,18,20), and GA (9,(18)(19)(20) (5) was used throughout. Antheridogen Source Cultures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 86%

Specificity of the Antheridogen from Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn.

Schedlbauer¹

1976

Plant Physiol.

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Characteristics of the fern antheridogen from Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. are investigated. These are: (a) determination of molecular size (it is readily dialyzable), (b) pK. (about 5), (c) movement in thin layer chromatography, and (d) ability to induce dark germination of fern spores. These four characteristics are compared to the same characteristics of three other antheridogens (antheridogens A and B or GA). Molecular size and pK1 are similar, but, the antheridogens are separable from each other using thin layer chromatography. It was also shown that spore germination is not induced by the Ceratopteris antheridogen, even in its own spores, a characteristic not reported as shared by the other antheridogens. However, the inconsistency of spore germination as an assay for antheridogen is demonstrated. The presence of gametophyte-produced ailelopathic substances is also shown.Hormonal induction of the male gametangium in ferns was first described by Dopp (3). He was able to induce antheridia precociously in Dryopteris filix-mas and Pteridium aquilinum. Such hormonal induction of fern antheridia is now a widely documented occurrence (see ref. 8, for review). Such an induction system is called an antheridogen system. An antheridogen system has recently been described for the fern, Ceratopteris thalictroides (13,14). In addition to inducing antheridia, the Ceratopteris antheridogen also induces a male gametophyte morphology. In the absence of hormone, a hermaphroditic morphology develops. These two morphologies are mainly defined on the basis of the type(s) of gametes formed by the gametophytes (14). The (5) was used throughout. Antheridogen Source Cultures. These cultures were aseptically established using 5 mg spores/500 ml medium in 2000-ml cotton-stoppered flasks. Cultures were grown under continuous cool white fluorescent light (about 300 ft-c), at room temperature for 4 weeks, then harvested.Bioassays. Aseptic multispore cultures were again used. Each employed 3 drops of sterile spore suspension (1 mg spores/2 ml tap water). Cultures were established in dilution series. Antheridogen-containing medium was Millipore-filtered and diluted into autoclaved, fresh medium (dark germination assays) or diluted into fresh medium before autoclaving (pK. and dialysis assays). Cultures were grown under continuous red light (pK8, dialysis and most chromatography assays) or continuous darkness (dark germination and some chromatography assays) for approximately 10 days, at room temperature. Cultures were examined microscopically for antheridium-inducing or dark germination-promoting abilities. The dark germination cultures were kept closed during observations. transferred to continuous red light for 2 weeks, when they were examined for spore germination and presence of antheridiate gametophytes. Spore Sterilization and Sowing. A quantity of spores was placed in the bottom of a 15-ml glass centrifuge tube. Wetting agent (2 drops Tween 20/100 ml distilled H20) was added. The spores were shaken into a ...

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“…Sterile hybrids tend to have a greater variation in spore size than normal sexual species (Wagner & Chen, 1965;Kanamori, 1969). Recently, Weinberg and Voeller (1969) reviewed external factors that control germination of fern spores and, among other observations, they found that spores from the same plants taken at different times gave very different rates of germination. Recently, Weinberg and Voeller (1969) reviewed external factors that control germination of fern spores and, among other observations, they found that spores from the same plants taken at different times gave very different rates of germination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%