Extraabdominal malposition of the gallbladder

Ectopic liver and gallbladder in a cloned dog: Possible nonheritable anomaly

“…Several organs including the liver [1][2][3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19], gallbladder [5,17,19], pancreas [39], kidney [40], testis [41], and ovary [42] located in ectopic positions have been reported in humans. Because the aberrant tissue is often not accompanied by any clinical relevance [3,19,39], it has a low incidence rate and it is difficult to analyze the reason for its occurrence.…”

“…Choristoma occurring with hepatic or gallbladder tissue is commonly called ectopic or heterotopic liver or gallbladder. Ectopic liver and gallbladder have been recorded since the 19th century [2], but only less than 80 cases of ectopic liver were documented in a recent literature review [3] with lower than 0.5% [4] and 0.4% [5] incidences. Ectopic liver has been found in various sites including the gallbladder [3,6,7], spleen [8], pancreas [9], stomach [10], heart [11], lung [12] and suprahepatic inferior vena cava [13,14], and ectopic gallbladder has been described in the intrahepatic [15] and suprahepatic region [16], and left hepatic lobe [17,18].…”

“…Lack of symptoms usually results in discovery of these anomalies only during peritoneoscopy, laparotomy, or autopsy. Also, almost all the documented cases of these anomalies have been described in human beings, not in animals [1][2][3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In dogs, ectopic hepatocytes were firstly reported in 2005, in which a bearded collie had a firm and nonpainful mass in the left midabdominal region [22].…”

Ectopic cholecystitis: A case report

“…[2]. An extra-abdominal location has even been described [3]. Anomalous gallbladders should be removed, even if they are asymptomatic [3].…”

“…An extra-abdominal location has even been described [3]. Anomalous gallbladders should be removed, even if they are asymptomatic [3]. Ectopia of the gallbladder is a rare condition, but this variant should be familiar to all physicians and surgeons to avoid errors or delays in management.…”