Extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves may reduce biofilms of Staphylococcus spp. in stainless steel and teatcup rubbers

Abstract

Human ingestion of antimicrobial residues in dairy products is a problem of public health. In this study we evaluated antibacterial effectiveness of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Mangifera indica L. as a natural alternative for reduction of Staphylococcus spp. biofilms. Eight Staphylococcus spp. strains from cows with mastitis and the Staphylococcus aureus strain (ATCC 25923) were evaluated. High performance liquid chromatography indicated the presence of phenolic compounds in the aqueous extract. Agilent Technologies gas chromatography revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and gallic acid in ethanolic extract. The tannin contents were 2.27 ± 0.01 and 2.67 ± 0.01% for ethanolic extract and aqueous extract, respectively. Extracts were evaluated in agar diffusion test and the size of inhibition zones were compared. The ethanolic extract was the most effective, showing minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations between 1.8–7.5 and 15.1–45.3 mg/ml, respectively. After tannin removal, the extracts were less effective, indicating these secondary metabolites as one of the main antibacterial compounds. The ethanolic extract at 45.3 mg/ml reduced mature biofilms in teat rubber (average: 3.91 log reduction) and stainless steel (average: 3.87 log reduction) after 5 min of contact. The extracts of M. indica leaves represent natural alternatives against Staphylococcus spp. strains and the ethanolic extract shows potential as a natural sanitizer.

Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Analysis of Aqueous Extracts of Wild Mango Varieties

“…This investigation has also revealed their potentiality in controlling the microbial growth. [31]. In the present study with a lesser amount of extract namely 30 microlitres, good inhibition was seen.…”

Comparison of the Antibacterial Activity of the Ethanol Extract vs Hydroalcoholic Extract of the Leaves of Mangifera indica L. (Mango) in Different Concentrations: An In Vitro Study

“…This biofilm can prolong the time of colonization and infection, as well as the dispersion to different parts of the human body. 4,5,7 Infections develop from the deepening of this bacterium by a solution of tissue continuity due to trauma, skin or surgical lesions. These infections generate purulent material forming abscesses and can cause minor infections of the skin and soft tissues and invasive infections such as: infections of the central nervous system, respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tract, bacteraemia and osteomyelitis.…”

“…On the other hand, traditional medicine and phytotherapy has been gaining increasing strength since a wide variety of plants show that they have biological properties for the different conditions that man presents, so there is a great empirical source of active ingredients, it is convenient to clarify those properties. [1][2][3][4] Currently, bacterial resistance against antibiotics has been increasing, resulting in a worldwide concern since mild infections cannot be controlled. This caused by the inappropriate and excessive use of drugs in addition to deficiencies in the prevention and control of infections.…”

“…Some bacteria that cause 203 oral diseases such as S. mutans, E. faecalis, C. albicans, S. aureus and E. coli among others that have proven to be susceptible to Mangifera indica L. [11][12][13][14][15] In addition, according to the literature, the leaves of this plant have certain antibacterial properties due to the presence of saponins, steroids, alkaloids, anthracenocides, coumarins, flavonones, among other chemical compounds that are considered responsible for providing antimicrobial properties to this natural resource. 4,11 Therefore, the main objective of this research was to compare the in vitro antibacterial effect of two types of extracts (ethanol and hydroalcoholic) based on the Mangifera indica L. (mango) leaf of Northern Peru against strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538™ so that it can provide scientific evidence to the profile of this plant and incorporate it as a possible source of antibacterial agent.…”

Mangifera indica and Mangifera zeylanica: Perspectives on medicinal properties, therapeutic applications and potential uses as anticancer epigenetic drugs (Review)

“…Furthermore, a methanol extract of the seed kernal of MI has been found to exert inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis (29). In the study by Manzur et al (30), aqueous and ethanolic extracts of MI leaves were found to exert inhibitory effects against Stapylococcus species isolated from cows. In another study, Mushore and Matuvhunye (31) demonstrated that an aqueous extract of stem bark of MI can reduce the growth of S. aureus.…”