Extraction of depth from opposite-contrast stimuli: transient system can, sustained system can’t

Pope, David R.; Edwards, Mark; Schor, Clifton

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00106-6

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Given the small delay introduced by the stereogoggles (10 ms) we predicted that, if depth had been perceived, it would have been in the reversed direction [19]. Secondly, the perception of depth in anti-correlated stimuli has been associated with processing in the transient system [33]. This system depends on the presence of information at high temporal frequencies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This system depends on the presence of information at high temporal frequencies. Pope et al [33] argued that the spatial frequency tuning of the transient system makes it unsuitable for the detection of disparity in random dot stereograms. Here, we found no perception of depth in ACRDS with either brief (80 ms) or more sustained (up to 400 ms) presentations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This manipulation was included following the suggestion that perceived depth for reversed polarity stimuli might depend on the transient channel for stereopsis [33]. While Pope et al [33] argued that this channel would not support apparent depth in ACRDS, since it depends on low spatial frequency components, the manipulation was included to rule out one possible reason for failing to find reliable disparity discrimination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth Perception Not Found in Human Observers for Static or Dynamic Anti-Correlated Random Dot Stereograms

et al. 2014

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One of the greatest challenges in visual neuroscience is that of linking neural activity with perceptual experience. In the case of binocular depth perception, important insights have been achieved through comparing neural responses and the perception of depth, for carefully selected stimuli. One of the most important types of stimulus that has been used here is the anti-correlated random dot stereogram (ACRDS). In these stimuli, the contrast polarity of one half of a stereoscopic image is reversed. While neurons in cortical area V1 respond reliably to the binocular disparities in ACRDS, they do not create a sensation of depth. This discrepancy has been used to argue that depth perception must rely on neural activity elsewhere in the brain. Currently, the psychophysical results on which this argument rests are not clear-cut. While it is generally assumed that ACRDS do not support the perception of depth, some studies have reported that some people, some of the time, perceive depth in some types of these stimuli. Given the importance of these results for understanding the neural correlates of stereopsis, we studied depth perception in ACRDS using a large number of observers, in order to provide an unambiguous conclusion about the extent to which these stimuli support the perception of depth. We presented observers with random dot stereograms in which correlated dots were presented in a surrounding annulus and correlated or anti-correlated dots were presented in a central circular region. While observers could reliably report the depth of the central region for correlated stimuli, we found no evidence for depth perception in static or dynamic anti-correlated stimuli. Confidence ratings for stereoscopic perception were uniformly low for anti-correlated stimuli, but showed normal variation with disparity for correlated stimuli. These results establish that the inability of observers to perceive depth in ACRDS is a robust phenomenon.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth Perception Not Found in Human Observers for Static or Dynamic Anti-Correlated Random Dot Stereograms

et al. 2014

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“…A number of studies have shown that anticorrelated images produce no sensation of depth (Julesz 1971;Cogan et al 1993;Cumming et al 1998). Pope et al (1999) concluded that spatially complex stimuli, like dense anticorrelated RDSs, appear to be processed exclusively by the sustained system, which cannot match opposite-contrast stimuli (Howard and Rogers 2002). Our stimuli were sustained with respect to the presentation times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Properties of Disparity Processing Revealed by Dynamic Random-Dot Stereograms

Gheorghiu

Erkelens

2005

Perception

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In studies of the temporal flexibility of the stereoscopic system, it has been suggested that two different processes of binocular depth perception could be responsible for the flexibility: tolerance for interocular delays and temporal integration of correlation. None has investigated the relationship between tolerance for delays and temporal integration mechanisms and none has revealed which mechanism is responsible for depth perception in dynamic random-dot stereograms. We address these questions in the present study. Across five experiments, we investigated the temporal properties of stereopsis by varying interocular correlation as a function of time in controlled ways. We presented different types of dynamic random-dot stereograms, each consisting of two pairs of alternating random-dot patterns. Our experimental results demonstrate that (i) disparities from simultaneous monocular inputs dominate those from interocular delayed inputs; (ii) stereopsis is limited by temporal properties of monocular luminance mechanisms; and (iii) depth perception in dynamic random-dot stereograms results from cross-correlation-like operation on two simultaneous monocular inputs that represent the retinal images after having been subjected to a process of monocular temporal integration of luminance.

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“…More recently, Clifton Schor and colleagues have conducted a systematic characterization of our sensitivity to depth from transient and sustained disparity (Schor et al, 2001(Schor et al, , 1998(Schor et al, , 1984Edwards et al, 2000Edwards et al, , 1999aPope et al, 1999). These studies have shown different 1) spatial tuning, 2) tendency to depth-alias, 3) orientation tuning, 4) sensitivity to spatial envelope size, and 5) tolerance for opposite polarity, for long vs. short duration depth stimuli.…”

Section: Functional Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to use individual differences to isolate functional organization, biology, and utility of visual functions; with illustrative proposals for stereopsis

Wilmer¹

2008

Spatial Vis

112

110

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This paper is a call for greater use of individual differences in the basic science of visual perception. Individual differences yield insights into visual perception's functional organization, underlying biological/environmental mechanisms, and utility. I first explain the general approach advocated and where it comes from. Second, I describe five principles central to learning about the nature of visual perception through individual differences. Third, I elaborate on the use of individual differences to gain insights into the three areas mentioned above (function, biology/environment, utility), in each case describing the approach advocated, presenting model examples from the literature, and laying out illustrative research proposals for the case of stereopsis.

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Extraction of depth from opposite-contrast stimuli: transient system can, sustained system can’t

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Depth Perception Not Found in Human Observers for Static or Dynamic Anti-Correlated Random Dot Stereograms

Depth Perception Not Found in Human Observers for Static or Dynamic Anti-Correlated Random Dot Stereograms

Temporal Properties of Disparity Processing Revealed by Dynamic Random-Dot Stereograms

How to use individual differences to isolate functional organization, biology, and utility of visual functions; with illustrative proposals for stereopsis

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