Extractives of Stemwood and Sawmill Residues of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) for Biorefining in Four Climatic Regions in Finland—Phenolic and Resin Acid Compounds

Verkasalo, Erkki; Möttönen, Veikko; Roitto, Marja; Vepsäläinen, Jouko; Kumar, Anuj; Ilvesniemi, Hannu; Siwale, Workson; Julkunen‐Tiitto, Riitta; Raatikainen, Olavi; Sikanen, Lauri

doi:10.3390/f12020192

Cited by 15 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Sawdust raw material samples (n = 6) from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) grown in Finland and Sweden [27] were obtained for slow pyrolysis thermal conversion processing. The dust samples were frozen before processing, and warmed up to room temperature before starting the processing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Slow Pyrolysis Distillates from Pine Wood Biomass against Three Pathogens

Riekkinen

Raninen

Keränen

et al. 2022

Forests

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of wood distillates obtained from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) sawdust in order to explore new alternatives for the utilization of wood industry by-products. The distillates were produced by slow pyrolysis thermal conversion in three process phases with increasing temperatures, namely drying, torrefaction and pyrolysis, and three cooling units with different temperatures to condensate the distillates. This yielded nine different liquid fractions. The food-related pathogens, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Candida albicans, were evaluated for their susceptibility to the distillate fractions using an agar diffusion test. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by measuring the formed inhibition zones after the incubation period. In addition, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and microbicidic concentration were assayed for a selected fraction (T2) from the torrefaction phase with Bio-screen C. The results indicated that the distillates from the torrefaction and pyrolysis phases had antimicrobial activity against the tested microbes. The MIC value of the T2 fraction for all tested microbes was 0.83% (v/v). Furthermore, the T2 fraction was microbicidic for Salmonella and Listeria strains in 0.83% (v/v) solution and Candida strain in 1.67% (v/v) solution. In conclusion, Scots pine wood distillates obtained from slow pyrolysis have the potential to be developed as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic microbes. Next, research is needed to investigate the chemical composition of the distillates and to assess their safe use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Slow Pyrolysis Distillates from Pine Wood Biomass against Three Pathogens

Riekkinen

Raninen

Keränen

et al. 2022

Forests

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“…Pinus sylvestris Extract [13,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Pinus resinosa Extract [9,28,31,34] Pinus banksiana Extract [26,28,31] Pinus nigra Arn. Extract [25,30] Pinus densiflora Extract [35,36] Pinus sibirica Extract [37] Pinus contorta Extract [37] Pinus strobus Extract [38][39][40] Pinus taeda Extract [41] Pinus cembra Extract [37] Pinus pinaster Extract [42][43][44] Hovenia dulcis Thunb.…”

Section: Species Extract/essential Oil Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Sources and Pharmacological Properties of Pinosylvin

Bakrim

Mechchate

Benali

et al. 2022

Plants

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Pinosylvin (3,5-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a natural pre-infectious stilbenoid toxin, is a terpenoid polyphenol compound principally found in the Vitaceae family in the heartwood of Pinus spp. (e.g., Pinus sylvestris) and in pine leaf (Pinus densiflora). It provides defense mechanisms against pathogens and insects for many plants. Stilbenoids are mostly found in berries and fruits but can also be found in other types of plants, such as mosses and ferns. This review outlined prior research on pinosylvin, including its sources, the technologies used for its extraction, purification, identification, and characterization, its biological and pharmacological properties, and its toxicity. The collected data on pinosylvin was managed using different scientific research databases such as PubMed, SciFinder, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. In this study, the findings focused on pinosylvin to understand its pharmacological and biological activities as well as its chemical characterization to explore its potential therapeutic approaches for the development of novel drugs. This analysis demonstrated that pinosylvin has beneficial effects for various therapeutic purposes such as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-allergic, and other biological functions. It has shown numerous and diverse actions through its ability to block, interfere, and/or stimulate the major cellular targets responsible for several disorders.

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“…Extractive components of wood raw materials have not been in the core of chemical wood processing in the past, mostly for economic reasons [9,10,18], but now their potential for novel value-added products of biorefining is commonly acknowledged [3,4,14,19]. Accordingly, a diversity of applications was suggested during the 2000s, as listed by the recent studies [3,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, a diversity of applications was suggested during the 2000s, as listed by the recent studies [3,14]. However, efficient sourcing of the interesting wood biomass fractions for extractives has remained an open question, as it was indicated by Verkasalo et al [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In coniferous species, the highest extractive contents have been observed in internal knots, branch biomass and stumps followed by bark, and the last, in stem wood [8,13,14,16]. Wood type has been observed as the most significant source of variation, heartwood having a larger total extractive content than sapwood [8,14,19,20]. Therefore, the content should decrease from the butt toward the top and horizontally from the pith toward the bark in coniferous trees, and it should stay between the values of sapwood and heartwood in sawmill and veneer mill residues [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extractives of Tree Biomass of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) for Biorefining in Four Climatic Regions in Finland—Lipophilic Compounds, Stilbenes, and Lignans

Verkasalo

Roitto

Möttönen

et al. 2022

Forests

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The aim of the study was to quantify total extractive contents and lipophilic compounds, stilbenes, and lignans in Scots pine stem wood, stem bark, branch biomass, and sawmill residues in four climatic regions of Finland to evaluate the most optimal sources of extractives for bio-based chemical biorefining and bioenergy products. Data were derived from 78 chip samples from the before-mentioned raw materials, the samples being pooled by tree height position from the sample trees of 42 experimental forest stands, and sawdust lots from 10 log stands. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was employed to determine total extractive contents, followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC–FID) to quantify extractive groups and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to analyse individual extractive compounds. Resin acids and triglycerides followed by fatty acids were the dominant extractive groups. Resin acids were most abundant in stem wood from final fellings and in sawdust, fatty acids in bark and branch biomass, and triglycerides also in stem wood from thinnings and the top parts of trees. Of the minor extractive groups, stilbenes were the most abundant in stem wood from final fellings and in sawdust, and steryl esters, sterols, and lignans in bark and branch biomass, the two last groups almost missing from other biomass components. Regional differences in the contents of extractive groups were generally small, 1.0−1.5 percentage points at the maximum, but factor analysis distinguished northern and southern regions into their own groups. Bark was the most potential source of fatty acids and sterols in southern Finland, and triglycerides and steryl esters in northern Finland. In stem wood, steryl esters, triglycerides, and lignans decreased and stilbenes increased from north to south. Certain fatty acids and resin acids were more frequent in the north. The results highlighted the importance of focused procurement and efficient sorting of raw materials, purity, unique properties, and feasible isolation techniques for competitive ability as well as large raw material volumes or well-defined value-added products.

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Extractives of Stemwood and Sawmill Residues of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) for Biorefining in Four Climatic Regions in Finland—Phenolic and Resin Acid Compounds

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Antimicrobial Activity of Slow Pyrolysis Distillates from Pine Wood Biomass against Three Pathogens

Antimicrobial Activity of Slow Pyrolysis Distillates from Pine Wood Biomass against Three Pathogens

Natural Sources and Pharmacological Properties of Pinosylvin

Extractives of Tree Biomass of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) for Biorefining in Four Climatic Regions in Finland—Lipophilic Compounds, Stilbenes, and Lignans

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