Extravascular Lesions of Diabetic Retinopathy

Toussaint, D; Cogan, David G.; Kuwabara, Toichiro

doi:10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020044007

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In haemorheological terms this is in accord with the idea of thixotropic amplification of blood viscosity. Another study of the histology of 50 post-mortem eyes concluded that diabetic retinopathy was an occlusive vascular disease affecting mainly the smallest retinal vessels [49], Changes described after the experimental occlusion of retinal veins [50] resembled those seen in burn models of inflammation in rabbit ear chambers [51]. Early and acute changes after retinal vein occulsion included vascular dilation, oedema and haem orrhages, and were similar to conditions seen in human diabetic retinopathy.…”

Section: Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 85%

Intrinsic Stiffening of Red Blood Cells as the Fundamental Cause of Diabetic Nephropathy and Microangiopathy: A New Hypothesis

Simpson¹

1985

Nephron

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It is proposed that stiffened red cells can interfere with normal microvascular and glomerular function. In diabetics intrinsic stiffening of red cells is intensified during poor metabolic control when plasma osmolarity is increased. Hypoxia, acidosis, catecholamines and other changes in red cell environment also increase red cell stiffness. Exercise proteinuria may help to identify individuals with the greatest intrinsic stiffening of red cells which appears to be due to the disposition of spectrin molecules rather than to changes in the lipid bilayer. Stiffened red cells may impede blood flow in the microcirculation and stimulate an autoregulated vasodilation which increases perfusion pressure, enhancing transudation. In the absence of vasodilation, stasis will lead to vascular occlusion and localised ischaemic necrosis. If diabetic microangiopathy is caused by abnormal haemorheology then the possibility exists that the complications of diabetes might be alleviated or prevented by agents which enhance red cell flexibility and improve blood rheology.

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Section: Diabetic Retinopathymentioning

confidence: 85%

Intrinsic Stiffening of Red Blood Cells as the Fundamental Cause of Diabetic Nephropathy and Microangiopathy: A New Hypothesis

Simpson¹

1985

Nephron

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“…Pericyte loss is a characteristic early finding in diabetic retinopathy (44)(45)(46), suggesting that pericyte loss might reduce PSF, resulting in decreased PGI2, relative vasoconstriction, and decreased RBF as characteristically observed with early diabetes in humans (1, 2) and rats (30)(31)(32). However, this effect would be dependent upon the time course of pericyte loss and, since RECs also express PSF, the relative autocrine and paracrine contribution cannot be fully determined from these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Retinal expression, regulation, and functional bioactivity of prostacyclin-stimulating factor

Hata¹,

Clermont²,

Yamauchi³

et al. 2000

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Retinal hard exudate is thought to be the result of lipoproteins leaking from retinal capillaries into the extracellular space of the retina [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyslipidemia and Diabetic Retinopathy

Chang

2013

Rev Diabet Stud

103

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■ AbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes. In developed countries, it is the most common cause of preventable blindness in diabetic adults. Dyslipidemia, a major systemic disorder, is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of suffering from dyslipidemia concurrently. The aim of this article is to review the association between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and traditional/nontraditional lipid markers, possible mechanisms involving lipid metabolism and diabetic retinopathy, and the effect of lipid-lowering therapies on diabetic retinopathy. For traditional lipid markers, evidence is available that total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with the presence of hard exudates in patients with DR. The study of nontraditional lipid markers is advancing only in recently years. The severity of DR is inversely associated with apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), whereas ApoB and the ApoB-to-ApoA1 ratio are positively associated with DR. The role of lipid-lowering medication is to work as adjunctive therapy for better control of diabetes-related complications including DR.

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Extravascular Lesions of Diabetic Retinopathy

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

Intrinsic Stiffening of Red Blood Cells as the Fundamental Cause of Diabetic Nephropathy and Microangiopathy: A New Hypothesis

Intrinsic Stiffening of Red Blood Cells as the Fundamental Cause of Diabetic Nephropathy and Microangiopathy: A New Hypothesis

Retinal expression, regulation, and functional bioactivity of prostacyclin-stimulating factor

Dyslipidemia and Diabetic Retinopathy

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