Extreme environment technologies for NASA's robotic planetary exploration

Balint, Tibor S.; Kolawa, E.; Cutts, J. A.; Peterson, Craig E.

doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.12.009

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Materials operating in harsh conditions experience extremes in stress, strain, pressure, temperature, chemical reactivity, radiations, electric and magnetic fields [1][2][3] . Materials are central to every present and future technologies and they perform in range of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Graphene Polymer Nanocomposites in Harsh Operating Conditions

Govindaraj

Fox

Aitchison³

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Development of high-performance composites operating in harsh conditions is gaining tremendous attention due to their broad range of applications such as mass transport, defense, energy, manufacturing, electronics, healthcare, and so forth. Some of the current challenges include the development of lightweight composites suitable for high or low temperatures, high impacts, and corrosive or radiation environments. Among various nanomaterials, graphene based materials have emerged as the most popular class of nanoadditive which can revolutionize every industry sectors. Herein, we briefly discuss the properties of graphene as a potential additive for high-performance composites. The review focuses on the functional properties of graphene based polymer nanocomposites in range of harsh operational conditions, such as cryo-mechanical properties, ballistic impact resistance, thermal conductivity, deicing/anti-icing behavior, self-cleaning, sensing properties and flame retardant properties. Finally, we conclude with an outlook for the development of graphene based polymer nanocomposites for harsh conditions by deliberating the major progress, challenges, and opportunities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Graphene Polymer Nanocomposites in Harsh Operating Conditions

Govindaraj

Fox

Aitchison³

et al. 2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…[1,2] In particular, high temperature electronics are necessary for petroleum well drilling (150-300 °C), hydrothermal system drilling (400-600 °C), automobile mechatronics (100-300 °C), aircraft electromechanical systems (up to 500 °C), and military battlefield weapon systems (-55 to 125 °C thermal cycling) [3]. High temperature electronics are also critical for future Venus (~480 °C) and Jupiter (~380 °C) in situ missions [2,4]. Strong radiation is a major challenge for satellite-based advanced systems and space missions, requiring radiation-hard electronics especially for future Europa (2 Mrad) orbiter and lander missions [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What makes it more challenging to develop technologies for harsh environments is that multiple extreme conditions often times coexist. Examples of such stipulations include a high temperature and pressure condition for well drilling, a high temperature and pressure and caustic condition for Venus in situ and mobile explorer missions and a low temperature (-160 °C) and high radiation condition for Europa explore mission [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High temperature electronics are also critical for future Venus (~480 °C) and Jupiter (~380 °C) in situ missions [2,4]. Strong radiation is a major challenge for satellite-based advanced systems and space missions, requiring radiation-hard electronics especially for future Europa (2 Mrad) orbiter and lander missions [2,4]. High pressure is another extreme condition to be coped with in various terrestrial and space applications as well, e.g., well logging (1700 bar) and atmospheric probe missions for Venus (92 bar) and Jupiter (22 bar) [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strong radiation is a major challenge for satellite-based advanced systems and space missions, requiring radiation-hard electronics especially for future Europa (2 Mrad) orbiter and lander missions [2,4]. High pressure is another extreme condition to be coped with in various terrestrial and space applications as well, e.g., well logging (1700 bar) and atmospheric probe missions for Venus (92 bar) and Jupiter (22 bar) [2,4]. What makes it more challenging to develop technologies for harsh environments is that multiple extreme conditions often times coexist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GaN-based high-temperature and radiation-hard electronics for harsh environments

et al. 2010

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We develop novel GaN-based high temperature and radiation-hard electronics to realize data acquisition electronics and transmitters suitable for operations in harsh planetary environments. In this paper, we discuss our research on AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors that are targeted for 500 ºC operation and >2 Mrad radiation hardness. For the target device performance, we develop Schottky-free AlGaN/GaN MOS transistors, where a gate electrode is processed in a MOS layout using an Al 2 O 3 gate dielectric layer. The AlGaN/GaN MOS transistors fabricated with the wide-bandgap gate oxide layer enable Schottky-free gate electrodes, resulting in a much reduced gate leakage current and an improved sub-threshold current than the current AlGaN/GaN field effect transistors. In this study, characterization of our AlGaN/GaN MOS transistors is carried out over the temperature range of 25°C to 500°C. The I ds -V gs and I ds -V ds curves measured as a function of temperature show an excellent pinch-off behavior up to 450°C. Off-state degradation is not observed up to 400 °C, but it becomes measurable at 450 °C. The off-state current is increased at 500 °C due to the gate leakage current, and the AlGaN/GaN MOS HEMT does not get pinched-off completely. Radiation hardness testing of the AlGaN/GaN MOS transistors is performed using a 50 MeV 60 Co gamma source to explore effects of TID (total ion dose). Excellent I ds -V gs and I ds -V ds characteristics are measured even after exposures to a TID of 2Mrad. A slight decrease of saturation current (ΔI dss~3 mA/mm) is observed due to the 2Mrad irradiation.

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Future of Venus Research and Exploration

et al. 2018

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Despite the tremendous progress that has been made since the publication of the Venus II book in 1997, many fundamental questions remain concerning Venus' history, evolution and current geologic and atmospheric processes. The international science community has taken several approaches to prioritizing these questions, either through formal processes like the Planetary Decadal Survey in the United States and the Cosmic Vision in Europe, or informally through science definition teams utilized by Japan, Russia, and India. These questions are left to future investigators to address through a broad range of research approaches that include Earth-based observations, laboratory and modeling studies that are based on existing data, and new space flight missions. Many of the highest priority questions for Venus can be answered with new measurements acquired by orbiting or in situ missions that use current technologies, and several plausible implementation concepts have Venus III Edited

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Extreme environment technologies for NASA's robotic planetary exploration

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

A Review on Graphene Polymer Nanocomposites in Harsh Operating Conditions

A Review on Graphene Polymer Nanocomposites in Harsh Operating Conditions

GaN-based high-temperature and radiation-hard electronics for harsh environments

Future of Venus Research and Exploration

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