“…Some novel biomolecules that are intensively researched upon for serving the purpose of active targeting through the bionanotechnology approach include the antibody/affibody [ 116 , 117 ], lipoproteins [ 118 ], proteins and peptides [ 119 – 121 ], pulmonary surfactant, and biosurfactant [ 122 – 126 ], vitamins and other small molecules [ 127 ]. The basic nanocarriers that can be modified using any of the aforementioned biomolecules for diverse oncological applications can be summarized as lipid-based nanoparticles (liposomes, SLNs, NLCs) [ 128 – 130 ], polymeric nanoparticles (dendrimers [ 131 – 134 ], polymeric [ 135 – 140 ], polymersomes [ 141 – 143 ], layer-by-layer nanoassembly (LBL) [ 144 , 145 ], nanosponges [ 146 – 148 ], lipid-polymeric nanoparticles [ 149 , 150 ], protein nanoparticles (casein, zein, etc.) [ 151 ], polysaccharide nanoparticles (mannosylated, chitosan, hyaluronan, fucoidan-based nanoparticles) [ 152 , 153 ], carbon nanostructures (nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, nanodiamonds [ 154 ], inorganic nanoparticles (SPIONs, upconversion nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles), and quantum dots [ 155 – 159 ].…”