Electrospinning is a cheap and stable technique that allows the fabrication of continuous and uniform fibers, either organic or inorganic, with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to several micrometers for mass production [5−7]. Moreover, highly ordered aligned nanowire array (NWA) can also be easily achieved on various substrates based on modified electrospinning, which is greatly beneficial to the following applications of NWs in various fields shown in Fig. 1. In this review, we provide a concise retrospection on the assembling methods and primarily highlight the electrospinning method and corresponding applications of NWA including electrodes, field effect transistors (FET), piezoelectric sensor, gas sensor, and photodetectors. We also give comments and prospection in the ABSTRACT Alignment of NWs (NWs) is the core issue for integrating NWs into nanodevices in future. This review made a concise retrospect on reported assembling methods and mainly emphasized on the electrospinning method and its developments, as well as the following applications of the aligned nanowire array (NWA) in electronics and optoelectronics. First, we classified reported assembling methods into three categories: "grow then place", "place then grow" and "grow and place" (electrospinning method). Then, we focused on the electrospinning method and its modified method including field assisted method, rotating collector assisted method and near-field assisted methods, as well as their merits and defects, respectively. Next, we illustrated the applications of the NWs arrays fabricated by electrospinning in field effect transistors (FET), gas sensors, piezoelectric sensors and photodetectors. Finally, we made a short conclusion and prospection on electrospinning method. As an easy and cheap nanowire fabrication and alignment method, electrospinning has a bright future in one-dimensional materials based electronics and optoelectronics.