Fabrication and properties of extrusion-based 3D-printed hardmetal and cermet components

Lengauer, W.; Đuretek, Ivica; Fürst, Markus; Schwarz, Viktoria; González-Gutiérrez, Joamín; Schuschnigg, Stephan; Kukla, Christian; Kitzmantel, Michael; Neubauer, Erich; Lieberwirth, Clemens; Morrison, Vincent

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2019.04.011

Cited by 142 publications

(104 citation statements)

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“…Subsequently, a debonding process and a sintering process are performed [91]. Unlike debonding processes in the above additive manufacturing, a solvent debonding in which the green part is placed in organic solvents is performed before thermal debonding [64].…”

Section: Fused Filament Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10. Due to the large nozzle diameter, the thickness of the printed layer of FFF is even larger than that of 3DGP, which makes the FFF sample have greater roughness [64]. An effective treatment is to surface treat the green part.…”

Section: Fused Filament Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SLM and BJAM are the most attempted AM processes for manufacturing WC-Co hardmetals. Besides, a few studies on SEBM [41], 3D gelprinting (3DGP) [63], and fused filament fabrication (FFF) [64] of WC-Co hardmetal samples were reported. The AM techniques used for fabrication of WC-Co hardmetals and the main research groups working on WC-Co AM were summarized in Tables 1 and 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals: a review

Yang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

112

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WC-Co hardmetals are widely used in wear-resistant parts, cutting tools, molds, and mining parts, owing to the combination of high hardness and high toughness. WC-Co hardmetal parts are usually produced by casting and powder metallurgy, which cannot manufacture parts with complex geometries and often require post-processing such as machining. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies are able to fabricate parts with high geometric complexity and reduce post-processing. Therefore, additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals has been widely studied in recent years. In this article, the current status of additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of different AM processes used for producing WC-Co parts, including selective laser melting (SLM), selective electron beam melting (SEBM), binder jet additive manufacturing (BJAM), 3D gel-printing (3DGP), and fused filament fabrication (FFF) are discussed. The studies on microstructures, defects, and mechanical properties of WC-Co parts manufactured by different AM processes are reviewed. Finally, the remaining challenges in additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals are pointed out and suggestions on future research are discussed.

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Section: Fused Filament Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fused Filament Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals: a review

Yang

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

112

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“…Therefore, the 3D-printed components are green components, and their green density is mainly based on the powder density of the starting materials. After printing, the organic materials used during printing must be removed during a dewaxing step, and then, the components must be sintered according to a conventional sinter cycle [45][46][47]. In principle, this is near conventional hardmetal manufacturing.…”

Section: Bulk Densification Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of manufacturing technology on WC–Co hardmetals

Nie

Zhang

2019

Tungsten

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Hardmetals are tungsten carbide (WC)-based composites, which are made of WC as a hard phase and transition metals such as Co, Fe, or/and Ni as ductile binder matrices. Their properties can be mainly tailored through the grain sizes of the sintered carbides and the amount of metallic binder. As successful tool materials, hardmetals are widely applied in metal cutting, wear applications, chipless forming, stoneworking, wood, and plastic working. In 2017, about two-thirds of tungsten consumption (including recycled materials) were produced for hardmetals in the world. This paper briefly introduces the development of manufacturing technology on WC-Co hardmetals from three aspects: powder preparation, bulk densification, and performance characterization. Two special WC-Co hardmetals are also described: cobalt-enrichment zone (CEZ) hardmetals, and binderless hardmetals. Furthermore, the development prospects for manufacturing techniques of hardmetals are also presented in the end. Keywords Hardmetal • Ultrafine WC powder • Ultrafine cobalt powder • Extrusion press • Liquid sintering • Cobaltenrichment zone hardmetal • Binderless hardmetal 2 Powder preparation techniques Although WC-Co hardmetals can be made directly with mixing and reactive sintering of tungsten, carbon, and cobalt powders [6], the most commonly used method for preparing Tungsten www.springer.com/42864

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“…It depended mainly on the high cost of equipment at the stage of rigging a green part. The use of AT at the stage of manufacturing a green part reduces the cost of production and significantly expands the scope of use of MIM technology (Williams, N., 2018;Williams, B., 2018;Moritz et al, 2018;Lednev et al, 2019;Kuznetsov et al, 2018;Gorodetskii et al, 2018;Lychev et al, 2018;Lengauer et al, 2019;Johnson, 2018). Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of additive technologies for metal injection molding

Korotchenko¹,

Khilkov²,

Tverskoy³

et al. 2020

10.5267/j.esm

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The paper is concerned with the cost reduction of the elements' production according to the metal injection molding technology of metal powder mixtures (MIM), using the additive technologies (AT) for the production of the green part. This method allows obtaining high fidelity of the materials both in mass production and in one of a kind, and small-series production because it is not necessary to the production of expensive casting press mold of metal powder mixture on the injection molding machine. In his paper, the author showed the advantages and disadvantages of two AT technologies which directly use materials for MIM technology: the technology of fused filament fabrication (Fused Filament Fabrication-FFF) and the technology of Binder Jet (BJ). The author proposes to reduce costs reduction of manufacturing filament for 3D printing according to the FFF technology of green part using already existing feedstock as the basis. The manufacturing technology of the filament is shown by the example of the feedstock steel 316LW BASF. The specific character of the technology is a limited amount of polyoxymethylene (POM) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is introduced into the standard composition of the feedstock to increase its plasticity. The author presented the results of tensile testing of items manufactured by standard technology and using AT technologies. Some reduction in the strength characteristics of the items with the using AT technologies is primarily due to the printing modes. The optimization of print modes allows obtaining the properties of the items, not inferior items by standard technology.

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Fabrication and properties of extrusion-based 3D-printed hardmetal and cermet components

Cited by 142 publications

References 10 publications

Additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals: a review

Additive manufacturing of WC-Co hardmetals: a review

Development of manufacturing technology on WC–Co hardmetals

Use of additive technologies for metal injection molding

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