“…Therefore, instead of a single-use of natural (e.g., collagen, gelatin, alginate, hyaluronic acid, and chitosan) synthetic polymers (e.g., PLGA, PLA, and polycaprolactone (PCL)) and bioceramics (the calcium phosphates (Ca/P) as hydroxyapatite (HAp), the bioactive glasses and the glass-ceramics), composite forms of them have been widely used for bone tissue engineering [ 4 , 5 ]. Compared with these natural materials, bacterial cellulose nanocrystal (BC) has much higher mechanical properties, which are required in most cases when used as a scaffold in bone tissue engineering There are remarkable features of bacterial cellulose that make it applicable in bone tissue engineering: biocompatibility, promoting cellular interactions and tissue development, having interconnected porous structure and significant effects on cell adhesion and proliferation, high purity level, microporosity, biodegradability, bio-absorbable, non-toxicity, resembling extracellular matrix of living tissue, and crystallinity [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”