The rapid propagation and coalescence of cracks and catastrophic fractures, which occur often under shock compression, compromise a brittle material's design function and restrict its scope of practical application. The shock plasticity of brittle materials can be improved significantly by introducing and designing its microstructure, which can help reduce or delay failure. We used a lattice-spring model, which can describe elastic deformation and brittle fracture of modeled material accurately, to study the influence of void distributions (random, square, hexagonal, and triangular void patterns) on the macroscopic shock response and the mesoscopic deformation feature of brittle materials. Calculated results indicate that the void patterns dominate two inelastic deformation stages on the Hugoniot stress-strain curves (the collapse deformation stage and the slippage deformation stage). It shows that the strain localization is not strong and that the broken media are closer to a round bulk when the samples exist in random and triangular void patterns. This favors an increase in deformation during the slippage deformation stage. For the samples with square and hexagonal void patterns, the strain localization is strong and the broken media are closer to columnar bulks, which favors an increase in deformation during the collapse deformation stage.