Fabrication of sulfonated carbon catalyst from biomass waste and its use for glycerol esterification

Tao, Meilin; Guan, Hongtao; Wang, Xiaohong; Liu, Yichun; Louh, Rong-Fuh

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.06.021

Cited by 86 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows the pore size distribution and N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms for all the carbon precursor and catalysts. All of the isotherms of the carbon precursor and catalysts were close to type IV ones according to the IUPAC (2015) classification [15]. The pore size distribution showed that the major pore diameter was around 3.85 nm for all the carbon precursor and catalysts, and there were almost no micropores.…”

Section: N 2 -Physisorptionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Preparation of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using Rice Straw Biomass and Their Application in Hydration of α-Pinene

et al. 2020

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Carbon-based solid acid catalysts were prepared using rice straw (RS) waste, and the effects of carbonization temperature and sulfonation temperature on the catalytic activity were investigated. The properties of the catalysts were characterized using thermo gravimetric (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and their activities were investigated through the hydration of α-pinene. The conversion of α-pinene and the selectivity of α-terpineol reached 67.60% and 57.07% at 80 • C and atmospheric pressure in 24 h, respectively. The high catalytic capacity of the catalyst is attributed to the high acid site density and high porosity of the catalyst. TPD analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the catalyst produced by low-temperature carbonization at 300 • C followed by low-temperature sulfonation at 80 • C had abundant strong acid sites (0.82 mmol/g), which can effectively inhibit the side reactions of hydrated α-pinene. The total acidity reached 2.87 mmol/g. N 2 -physisorption analysis clearly indicated that the obtained catalysts were mesopore-predominant materials, and the S BET and V Total of catalysts reached 420.9 m 2 /g and 4.048 cm 3 /g, respectively. Preparation of the catalyst involves low energy consumption, and its cheap raw materials make the whole process simple, economical, and environmentally friendly.Catalysts 2020, 10, 213 2 of 18 the conversion of α-pinene and selectivity of α-terpineol reached 99.00% and 70.00%, respectively [3]. However, the excess of liquid acid cannot be recycled from the reaction mixture sufficiently. In addition, equipment corrosion and environmental contamination are serious problems in the traditional process of α-terpeneol preparation.The heterogeneous method generally uses a solid acid catalyst. Yang et al. studied the hydration of α-pinene using a pilot-scale jet reactor and Amberlyst 15 catalysts in aqueous ispropylamine at the temperature of 70 • C. The Amberlyst 15 catalysts showed good activity (93.12% conversion with 35.20% selectivity of α-terpineol) and the pilot-scale jet reactor increased the mass transfer between α-pinene and catalysts [4]. Maria et al. prepared inorganic oxide-supported trichloroacetic catalysts for the hydration of α-pinene. The conversion of α-pinene and selectivity of α-terpineol reached 57.00% and 75.00%, respectively. The carboxylate group of trichloroacetic acid incorporated Zr to form a six-membered ring, which facilitated the increase in the carboxylate group loaded onto the support and improved the Brönsted acidity [5]. Valente and Vital studied the hydration of α-pinene by ultra-stable Y zeolite catalysts in aqueous acetone. The conversion of α-pinene and the selectivity of α-terpineol reached 90.00% and 55.00%-60.00%, respectively. The ultra-stable Y zeolite catalysts showed increased activity and selectivity to α-terpineol because of the gradual improvement in the n...

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Section: N 2 -Physisorptionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Preparation of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using Rice Straw Biomass and Their Application in Hydration of α-Pinene

et al. 2020

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“…By increasing the temperature, at the expense of monoacetin and diacetin, the selectivity of triacetin increased drastically. This indicates the dependence on temperature favoring conversion of monoacetin and diacetin to triacetin (Tao et al, 2015). Catalytic activity was found to be best at 100℃ for the glycerol and acetic acid esterification reaction.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Temperaturementioning

confidence: 94%

“…2). The conversion of glycerol was increased with varying glycerol/acetic acid molar ratio up to the ratio of 1:10, where the conversion obtained was 99.12% at 3 h. Since acetylation of glycerol is a reversible reaction, the excess availability of acetic acid in the reaction mixture drives the reaction towards the formation of di and triacetins (Tao et al, 2015). The graph clearly indicates the positive effect of an increase in glycerol/acetic acid molar ratio in the reaction mixture on the selectivity towards the formation of diacetin and triacetin.…”

Section: Effect Of Reactants Molar Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic studies on the synthesis of fuel additives from glycerol using CeO2–ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst

Kulkarni¹,

Britto²,

Narula³

et al. 2020

Biofuel Res. J.

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Kinetic studies on the synthesis of fuel additives from glycerol using CeO2-ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst. Keywords:Biodiesel Glycerol Fuel additive Acetins Mixed oxide catalyst Kinetic model Highly stable and active CeO2-ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst was synthesized via the combustion method and was further functionalized with sulphate (SO4 2-) groups. The morphology, surface functionalities, and composition of the metal oxide catalyst were determined by scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption and desorption measurement, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized catalyst was used for esterification of glycerol with acetic acid. Effects of the process parameters including acetic acid to glycerol molar ratios (3-20), catalyst loadings (1-9 wt.%) and reaction temperatures (70-110°C) on the glycerol conversion and glycerol acetates selectivity were studied. Excellent catalytic activity was observed by using the sulphated metal oxide catalyst resulting in a glycerol conversion as high as 99.12%. The selectivity towards the di and triacetin (fuel additive) formed stood at 57.28% and 21.26% respectively. The reaction rate constants and activation energies were also estimated using a Quasi-Newton algorithm, namely Broyden's method and Arrhenius equations at 80-110℃. The calculated values were in accordance with the experimental values which confirmed the model. Finally, the developed catalyst could be reused for three consecutive cycle without major loss of its activity. Overall, the findings presented here could be instrumental to drive future research and commercialization efforts directed toward biodiesel glycerol valorisation into fuel additives.© 2020 BRTeam. All rights reserved.Journal homepage: www.biofueljournal.com HIGHLIGHTS GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT➢Mixed oxide CeO2-ZrO2 catalyst in unsulphated and sulphated forms was used for glycerol acetylation to produce acetins (fuel additives). ➢Both unsulphated and sulphated mixed oxide catalysts were fully characterized. ➢SO4 2-/CeO2-ZrO2 led to glycerol conversion of 99.12% with selectivity of 57.28% and 21.26% towards di and triacetins, respectively. ➢The activation energy for monoacetin, diacetin, and triacetin formation were 5.34, 16.40, and 43.57 kJ.mol-1, respectively. ➢Regeneration studies indicated the reusability of the catalyst up to three consecutive cycles. Kinetic studies on the synthesis of fuel additives from glycerol using CeO2-ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst.

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“…As the reaction temperature continued to rise, MAG gradually converted to DAG, and DAG further transformed into the TAG at 140 °C. The esterification of glycerol with acetic acid is believed including three continuous steps:firstly, glycerol reacts with acetic acid to from MAG and water; secondly, MAG reacts with acetic acid to form DAG and water; finally, DAG reacts with acetic acid to generate TAG and water ,. The three‐step consecutive reaction is thermodynamically restriction and endothermic .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol Esterification to Glyceryl Diacetate over SO₄²⁻/W‐Zr Complex Solid Super Acid Catalysts

Lei

et al. 2019

ChemistrySelect

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A series of SO42−/W−Zr catalysts with different W/Zr mole ratios were synthesized by solvent evaporation self‐assembly followed by impregnation of sulfuric acid. The catalysts were examined in the glycerol esterification with acetic acid, and fully characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, XPS, NH3‐TPD, H2O‐TPD and pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed that W/Zr mole ratio and calcination temperature significantly affected the structure, acidity and catalytic performance of the catalysts. SO42−/W−Zr(1:1)‐500 (with a W/Zr mole ratio of 1:1, calcined at 500 °C) exhibited the highest catalytic activity, which is mainly due to the fact that the catalyst had more acidic sites and good water tolerance. In addition, the catalyst also showed excellent recyclability, in five repeated runs the conversion of glycerol and yields of products remained stable.

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Fabrication of sulfonated carbon catalyst from biomass waste and its use for glycerol esterification

Cited by 86 publications

References 46 publications

Preparation of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using Rice Straw Biomass and Their Application in Hydration of α-Pinene

Preparation of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using Rice Straw Biomass and Their Application in Hydration of α-Pinene

Kinetic studies on the synthesis of fuel additives from glycerol using CeO2–ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst

Glycerol Esterification to Glyceryl Diacetate over SO₄²⁻/W‐Zr Complex Solid Super Acid Catalysts

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Fabrication of sulfonated carbon catalyst from biomass waste and its use for glycerol esterification

Cited by 86 publications

References 46 publications

Preparation of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using Rice Straw Biomass and Their Application in Hydration of α-Pinene

Preparation of Carbon-Based Solid Acid Catalysts Using Rice Straw Biomass and Their Application in Hydration of α-Pinene

Kinetic studies on the synthesis of fuel additives from glycerol using CeO2–ZrO2 metal oxide catalyst

Glycerol Esterification to Glyceryl Diacetate over SO42−/W‐Zr Complex Solid Super Acid Catalysts

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Glycerol Esterification to Glyceryl Diacetate over SO₄²⁻/W‐Zr Complex Solid Super Acid Catalysts