Glycerol Esterification to Glyceryl Diacetate over SO₄²⁻/W‐Zr Complex Solid Super Acid Catalysts

Abstract

A series of SO42−/W−Zr catalysts with different W/Zr mole ratios were synthesized by solvent evaporation self‐assembly followed by impregnation of sulfuric acid. The catalysts were examined in the glycerol esterification with acetic acid, and fully characterized by XRD, BET, TEM, XPS, NH3‐TPD, H2O‐TPD and pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy. The results revealed that W/Zr mole ratio and calcination temperature significantly affected the structure, acidity and catalytic performance of the catalysts. SO42−/W−Zr(1:1)‐500 (with a W/Zr mole ratio of 1:1, calcined at 500 °C) exhibited the highest catalytic activity, which is mainly due to the fact that the catalyst had more acidic sites and good water tolerance. In addition, the catalyst also showed excellent recyclability, in five repeated runs the conversion of glycerol and yields of products remained stable.

Nitration of chlorobenzene by ultrasonic-assisted synthesized sulfated ZrO2 catalyst with NO2

“…2. As can be seen, all samples exhibit two correlating distinctive peaks at 3432 and 1620 cm − 1 , which are attributed to the vibration of the hydroxyl ring in the catalyst and water [21]. All samples' peaks at 507 and 747 cm − 1 are attributed to the distinctive peaks of crystalline ZrO 2 in the meanwhile [22].…”

“…1. The pure ZrO 2 sample exhibits the diffraction peaks at 2θ value, which is according with tetragonal phase and monoclinic phase ZrO 2 [19][20][21]. It could be found that the peaks ascribed to monoclinic phase after acidi cation with sulfuric acid were receded.…”

Transformations of Glycerol into High-Value-Added Chemical Products: Ketalization and Esterification Reactions

“…Subsequently, sulfate groups were incorporated by the incipient wetting impregnation method with H 2 SO 4 . The best results were obtained with the solid presenting W/Zr = 1 ratio and calcined at 500 • C, due to the presence of a high number of acid sites and a good tolerance to the presence of water [141].…”