Abstract:Summary
As a key precursor for nitrogenous compounds and fertilizer, ammonia affects our lives in numerous ways. Rapid and sensitive detection of ammonia is essential, both in environmental monitoring and in process control for industrial production. Here we report a novel and nonperturbative method that allows rapid detection of ammonia at low concentrations, based on the all-optical detection of surface-enhanced Raman signals. We show that this simple and affordable approach enables ammonia probin… Show more
“…For example, route section for the Gaussian09 calculation was defined as Figure 3 Ammonia-related vibrational modes Figure was adopted with minor change from Ref. ( Liu et al., 2020 ). …”
Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All Raman spectrums in this figure were conducted without a SERS substrate and with an exposure time of 1 s. Figures were adopted with minor change from Ref. ( Liu et al., 2020 ). …”
Section: Expected Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The spectra were obtained with a commercial SERS substrate with an exposure time of 0.3 s. (B) Sequential ammonia detection of 200 ppm, water and 1 ppm solutions on the same SERS substrate, demonstrates the reversibility of the methodology. Figures were adopted from ( Liu et al., 2020 ). …”
Section: Expected Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We believe the mechanism and speed of the approach demonstrate its potential toward applications in operando electrochemical catalysis and in situ ammonia detection. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Liu et al. (2020) .…”
Summary
As a key industrial nitrogenous product and a critical environmental pollutant, ammonia broadly affects our daily lives. Rapid and sensitive detection of ammonia is essential to both environmental monitoring and process control for industrial manufacturing. Here, we present a protocol for rapid detection of low amounts of ammonia in the aqueous phase, via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We believe the mechanism and speed of the approach demonstrate its potential toward applications in
operando
electrochemical catalysis and
in situ
ammonia detection.
For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to
Liu et al. (2020)
.
“…For example, route section for the Gaussian09 calculation was defined as Figure 3 Ammonia-related vibrational modes Figure was adopted with minor change from Ref. ( Liu et al., 2020 ). …”
Section: Step-by-step Methods Detailsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All Raman spectrums in this figure were conducted without a SERS substrate and with an exposure time of 1 s. Figures were adopted with minor change from Ref. ( Liu et al., 2020 ). …”
Section: Expected Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The spectra were obtained with a commercial SERS substrate with an exposure time of 0.3 s. (B) Sequential ammonia detection of 200 ppm, water and 1 ppm solutions on the same SERS substrate, demonstrates the reversibility of the methodology. Figures were adopted from ( Liu et al., 2020 ). …”
Section: Expected Outcomesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We believe the mechanism and speed of the approach demonstrate its potential toward applications in operando electrochemical catalysis and in situ ammonia detection. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Liu et al. (2020) .…”
Summary
As a key industrial nitrogenous product and a critical environmental pollutant, ammonia broadly affects our daily lives. Rapid and sensitive detection of ammonia is essential to both environmental monitoring and process control for industrial manufacturing. Here, we present a protocol for rapid detection of low amounts of ammonia in the aqueous phase, via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. We believe the mechanism and speed of the approach demonstrate its potential toward applications in
operando
electrochemical catalysis and
in situ
ammonia detection.
For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to
Liu et al. (2020)
.
“…This GC method can also determine the ammonia concentration in the electrolyte solution, enabling full quantification of the analyte under consideration. More recently, a nonperturbative approach to ammonia detection was presented based on all-optical detection of surfaceenhanced Raman signals (SERS) [114]. This approach was claimed to feature with chemical selectivity to ammonia, allowing rapid detection of sub-1 ppm ammonia in under 1 s, which shows potential for ultra-sensitive in situ/operando chemical experiments.…”
Section: Measurement and Quantification Of Nh3mentioning
Engineering of defects in semiconductors provides an effective protocol for improving photocatalytic N2 conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art progress in defect engineering of photocatalysts for the N2 reduction toward ammonia. The basic principles and mechanisms of thermal catalyzed and photon-induced N2 reduction are first concisely recapped, including relevant properties of the N2 molecule, reaction pathways, and NH3 quantification methods. Subsequently, defect classification, synthesis strategies, and identification techniques are compendiously summarized. Advances of in situ characterization techniques for monitoring defect state during the N2 reduction process are also described. Especially, various surface defect strategies and their critical roles in improving the N2 photoreduction performance are highlighted, including surface vacancies (i.e., anionic vacancies and cationic vacancies), heteroatom doping (i.e., metal element doping and nonmetal element doping), and atomically defined surface sites. Finally, future opportunities and challenges as well as perspectives on further development of defect-engineered photocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction to ammonia are presented. It is expected that this review can provide a profound guidance for more specialized design of defect-engineered catalysts with high activity and stability for nitrogen photochemical fixation.
To realize practical solar hydrogen production, a low‐cost photocathode with high photocurrent density and onset potential should be developed. Herein, an efficient and stable overall photoelectrochemical tandem cell is developed with a Cu3BiS3‐based photocathode. By exploiting the crystallographic similarities between Bi2S3 and Cu3BiS3, a one‐step solution process with two sulfur sources is used to prepare the Bi2S3–Cu3BiS3 blended interlayer. The elongated Bi2S3‐Cu3BiS3 mixed‐phase 1D nanorods atop a planar Cu3BiS3 film enable a high photocurrent density of 7.8 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode, with an onset potential of 0.9 VRHE. The increased performance over the single‐phase Cu3BiS3 thin‐film photocathode is attributed to the enhanced light scattering and charge collection through the unique 1D nanostructure, improved electrical conductivity, and better band alignment with the n‐type CdS layer. A solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 2.33% is achieved under unassisted conditions with a state‐of‐the‐art Mo:BiVO4 photoanode, with excellent stability exceeding 21 h.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
