“…The metal ions are immobilized on different matrix (polymer beads [23], porous materials [20], nanocomposites [21], graphene [24] or magnetic core-shell architectures [15,25]), using various bridging molecules, such as acidic chelating ligands of phosphate groups, iminodiacetic acid (IDA) [17] or nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) [16]. Recently, hydrophilic polydopamine (PDA) has successfully been developed [26][27][28] as a novel chelating ligand for indirectly immobilize metal ions on various substrates modified for enrichment of phosphopeptides [15,29,30].…”