Facilities Standardization: Improving a Successful Program

Abstract

Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OPM No.oo4-oPublic reporting burden for this collection of infornation is estimated to average 1 hour per response, induding the time for reviewing instructions, sarching existing data sources gathering, and maintaining the data needed, and reviewing the collection of information. Sand comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this Colection of information. indudng suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquant Services. Directorate for information Operations and Reports. 1215 AUTHOR(S)Jeffrey A. Hawkins, Alton Penz PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)8 ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)Since 1985, the USACE has used the Department of the Army (DA) Facilities Standardization Program to implement a comprehensive design standardization program. Thus far, the program has met many of its objectives: it has ensured consistent quality, appearance, and functional productivity of standardized facilities and has simplified and reduced the time needed to plan, program, design, and construct new facilities. However, the program can be even more effective by taking advantage of opportunities to reduce the life-cycle cost of standard facilities during design and construction. Thus far, the program has achieved many of its objectives. It has ensured consistent quality, appearance, and functional productivity and has simplified and reduced the time needed to plan, program, design, and construct new facilities. However, the DA Facilities Standardization Program can be even more effective. Although reducing design and construction costs is a stated objective of the USACE program, the responsible Centers of Standardization and implementing USACE districts are typically not aware of opportunities to do so and therefore do not take the necessary action to promote reduced costs.In this era of decreasing military construction funding, USACE must use every opportunity to design and construct new facilities as cost-effectively as possible while maintaining a consistently high level of quality. Design standardization can help meet both of those objectives. We recommend that USACE take the following actions to ensure the objectives of DA Facilities Standardization Program are met and that potential design and construction savings are being realized: * Headquarters, USACE should develop a formal process for selecting the types of facility to standardize and the level at which to standardize the designs of those facilities. This process should include a structured costbenefit approach that recognizes the additional costs to standardize a design and all the potential cost savings. A set of decision rules and the cost-benefit iii CEi04RI /FEB 92 approach should be incorporated into the current Standing Operating Procedures.* When contracting out the design of projects utilizing standard designs, USACE Districts should select architect-engineering (A-E) firms that are familiar with the particular standard facility being designed. By including "experience with...

Riker-Todd: A Salvaged Ohio Hopewell Mound

“…Carr (2004:289) has argued that inhumations were more prestigious than cremated individuals, that is, body treatment reflects the vertical social position of the deceased. Alternatively, Byers' (2004:419) "Laying-In Crypt Model" views funerary features such as those found at Riker-Todd related to an incremental mourning process, from RIKER-TODD / 213 Greber, 2003Tankersley, 2007Blosser, 1996Hawkins, 1992Vickery, 1996 a After Stuiver and Reimer (1993) and Reimer et al (2004). spirit release to world renewal.…”