Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OPM No.oo4-oPublic reporting burden for this collection of infornation is estimated to average 1 hour per response, induding the time for reviewing instructions, sarching existing data sources gathering, and maintaining the data needed, and reviewing the collection of information. Sand comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this Colection of information. indudng suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquant Services. Directorate for information Operations and Reports. 1215 AUTHOR(S)Jeffrey A. Hawkins, Alton Penz PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)8 ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)Since 1985, the USACE has used the Department of the Army (DA) Facilities Standardization Program to implement a comprehensive design standardization program. Thus far, the program has met many of its objectives: it has ensured consistent quality, appearance, and functional productivity of standardized facilities and has simplified and reduced the time needed to plan, program, design, and construct new facilities. However, the program can be even more effective by taking advantage of opportunities to reduce the life-cycle cost of standard facilities during design and construction. Thus far, the program has achieved many of its objectives. It has ensured consistent quality, appearance, and functional productivity and has simplified and reduced the time needed to plan, program, design, and construct new facilities. However, the DA Facilities Standardization Program can be even more effective. Although reducing design and construction costs is a stated objective of the USACE program, the responsible Centers of Standardization and implementing USACE districts are typically not aware of opportunities to do so and therefore do not take the necessary action to promote reduced costs.In this era of decreasing military construction funding, USACE must use every opportunity to design and construct new facilities as cost-effectively as possible while maintaining a consistently high level of quality. Design standardization can help meet both of those objectives. We recommend that USACE take the following actions to ensure the objectives of DA Facilities Standardization Program are met and that potential design and construction savings are being realized: * Headquarters, USACE should develop a formal process for selecting the types of facility to standardize and the level at which to standardize the designs of those facilities. This process should include a structured costbenefit approach that recognizes the additional costs to standardize a design and all the potential cost savings. A set of decision rules and the cost-benefit iii CEi04RI /FEB 92 approach should be incorporated into the current Standing Operating Procedures.* When contracting out the design of projects utilizing standard designs, USACE Districts should select architect-engineering (A-E) firms that are familiar with the particular standard facility being designed. By including "experience with...

The demand for outdoor recreation areas, such as national parks and forests, is growing. With this growth has come the realization that the administration of parks must maximize visitors' benefits from areas with limited visitor capacity. Visitor traffic has strained both man-made facilities as well as natural or ecological limits. Although individual locations within a park pose capacity restrictions, park capacity for visitors is a function also of visitor movement behavior among the locations. Solution of a linear programming model which represents visitor movement via transition matrices can help identify park capacity for visitors seeking various recreational experiences. The constraints of the model express capacities for both man-made facilities and ecological criteria as a function of visitor requirements. Program objectives derive from park policy about visitor use and benefits. Solutions to the program indicate appropriate long-range visitor admittance policy as well as provide insights for internal park control which is supportive of park objectives.

The value of an adaptive environment is determined by the decision rules used to modify it. These rules are central to the effective use of such an environment, as well as forming the basis for its design. In this paper, standard replacement models are extended to provide rules for decision makers in different contexts, and applied to provide insights into the design and use of adaptive environmental systems.

Computer simulation methods enable the architech to accurately analyze the performance of specified elevator systems, thus facilitating more careful evaluation of alternative system designs than previously achievable. Simulation improves analysis because it involves replication of real-time elevator performance and does not rely on the rules of thumb and statistical assumptions incorporated into traditional analytical methods.

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