Facing the Third Dimension in Coastal Flatlands: Global Sea Level Rise and the Need for Coastal Transformations

Reise, Karsten

doi:10.14512/gaia.26.2.6

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Recent study shows that most adaptation to sea level rise have taken a moderate pathway to address the issue through local comprehensive plans and hazard mitigation plans, but often face massive challenges in implementation (Fu et al, 2017). Reise (2017) state that public debate on the future of coastal cities should not be postponed. No matter how advanced cities can build defence infrastructures and technologies to protect them from floods, they now have to think further as climate change and sea level rise may undermine its effectiveness in the long run.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Karsten Reise (2017) states that public debate on the future of coastal cities should not be postponed. No matter how advanced the defence infrastructures and technologies we have built to protect cities from floods are, it is now necessary to think further, as climate change and SLR may undermine the effectiveness of such measures in the long run.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending Urban Development on Water: Jakarta Case Study

Setiadi

Baumeister

Burton

et al. 2020

Environment and Urbanization ASIA

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This article introduces the concept of ‘Sea Cities’ to emphasize a range of tactics to acknowledge the relationship between the sea and cities. This concept is critical for the possibility of integrating future aquatic-based urbanism to address climate change, and in particular, the issue of rising sea levels, which is currently faced by the majority of coastal cities. We compare and assess the tactics of four sea cities (i.e., to fortify, accommodate, release, and floating) against the case study of Jakarta. Jakarta is deemed to be among the metropolitan cities most vulnerable to sea level rise, owing to overpopulation alongside the fact that its land is sinking rapidly due to massive urban development. In order to understand the prospects and pitfalls of each tactic for Jakarta, we analyse scholarly literature on the subject, official government reports and documents, as well as policy briefs released by governments at the national level. This study finds that massive hard structural solutions are not only insufficient but also ineffective towards solving the challenges of climate change in Jakarta, especially the rising sea level. At the same time, it also identifies that while the combination of accommodating and floating tactics has never been considered as future a planning option, this could enable more resilient and adaptive solutions for the future development trajectory of Jakarta. In doing so, it could also provide important transferrable lessons for other coastal cities, especially those within developing countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Urban Development on Water: Jakarta Case Study

Setiadi

Baumeister

Burton

et al. 2020

Environment and Urbanization ASIA

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“…In many of these coastal examples, the tide was reintroduced via one or several in-/outlet structures in the first dike and a second ring dike was built around the restoration site, thus creating a type I, II or III double dike system (e.g. Kruibeke (BE), Breebaart (NL), Luneplate (GE), Bremerhaven (GE), Beltringharder Koog (GE), Sebástopol (FR)) (Goeldner-Gianella, 2007;Hofstede, 2019;Maris et al, 2007;Peletier, Wanningen, Speelman, & Esselink, 2004;Reise, 2017). In other cases double dikes have been implemented for retaining water and managing floods for agriculture (Ghazavi, Vali, & Eslamian, 2010;Toan, 2014) or to anticipate the loss of primary flood defences by ongoing coastal erosion (Vinh, Kant, Huan, & Pruszak, 1997).…”

Section: Hinterlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared-use of flood defences

Marijnissen¹

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Many regions face an increasing flood risk as a result of sea-level rise, climate change, and a growing population in flood prone deltas. Introductionuses present either directly or indirectly (Adams, Adger, & Nicholls, 2018;van Wesenbeeck et al., 2014).Accelerating sea-level rise as a result of climate change is further increasing flood risk, with annual global flood costs expected to reach up to US$ 210 billion by 2100 without new or reinforced flood defences (Hinkel, van Vuuren, Nicholls, & Klein, 2013). If new coastal flood defences were to be constructed and existing defences were maintained economically, globally the population at risk of flooding is estimated to reduce by as much as a factor of 500 and annual flood costs would reduce by a factor of 5 by 2100 compared to business as usual (Hinkel et al., 2013).When improving flood protection, it is often considered whether the flood protection zone could also be combined with other needs and services for the area like nature, recreation, or urban development. As of yet, there is little guidance on how such activities will affect the safety provided by the flood protection measures.Multifunctional use can exploit synergies between uses, for example when excess heat from industry is used to heat houses (Weinberger, Amiri, & Moshfegh, 2017). Other times combining uses concentrates adverse effects so these are more easily managed or mitigated, for example when bundling line infrastructure like highways, rail lines, pipelines, and power lines, to concentrate noise pollution and nuisance during maintenance. Similar beneficial combinations of uses for flood Spatial optimisation Structural integration Functional integration Robust dike Super levee Hybrid defence Eco-engineering, natural foreshores Parallel dikesLópez, Warmink, Schielen, & Hulscher, 2018b;Vuik, van Vuren, Borsje, van Wesenbeeck, & Jonkman, 2018b). The approaches of previous studies are discussed in detail below.Ways of probabilistically assessing specific types of multifunctional flood defences were explored by Aguilar-López (2016). The effect of two multifunctional uses (a pipeline and a road) were assessed for two failure mechanisms (piping and overtopping). The strategy employed by Aguilar-López ( 2016) follows a similar First Order Reliability Method (Level II) Vuik et al. (2018b)The shift to a full probabilistic approach allows for optimisation of dike designs as knowledge and uncertainties of local conditions and uses can be incorporated directly in the safety assessment. However, there is little experience how to apply the probabilistic approach in cases of multifunctional use. Still, by 2050 all primary flood defences, including those with multifunctional elements, must conform to the new safety standards in the Water Act.

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On the feasibility of managed retreat in the Wadden Sea of Schleswig-Holstein

Hofstede

2019

J Coast Conserv

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Facing the Third Dimension in Coastal Flatlands: Global Sea Level Rise and the Need for Coastal Transformations

Abstract: SCHWERPUNKT

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Extending Urban Development on Water: Jakarta Case Study

Extending Urban Development on Water: Jakarta Case Study

Shared-use of flood defences

On the feasibility of managed retreat in the Wadden Sea of Schleswig-Holstein

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