Factors Affecting Detection of Hepatitis E Virus on Canadian Retail Pork Chops and Pork Livers Assayed Using Real‐Time <scp>RT</scp>‐<scp>PCR</scp>

Wilhelm, Barbara; Leblanc, Danielle; Avery, Brent P.; Pearl, David L.; Houde, Alain; Rajić, Andrijana; McEwen, Scott A.

doi:10.1111/zph.12216

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(47 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In our study, 1034 ham muscles collected at the slaughterhouse were examined for the presence of HEV RNA and were found to be negative (Table 1). These results are consistent with the findings of Leblanc et al (2010), Berto et al (2012) and Wilhelm et al (2015) who were unable to detect HEV RNA in loins, ventral abdominal muscles and pork chops respectively. Three percent of 112 lingual muscles sampled at the slaughterhouse were found to be HEV RNA positive in the study by Di Bartolo et al (2012).…”

Section: Hev Prevalence In Pork Musclessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Di Bartolo et al (2012) also showed that lingual muscles could be contaminated at the slaughterhouse. In contrast, in the UK in 2012, none of the 40 ventral abdomen muscles sampled at a processing plant by Berto et al (2012) were HEV positive, nor were the 43 pork loins or 599 pork chops sampled in Canada at slaughter and retail (Leblanc et al, 2010;Wilhelm et al, 2015). Overall, data regarding the prevalence of HEV in muscles and the associated viral load are either scarce or lacking.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High load of hepatitis E viral RNA in pork livers but absence in pork muscle at French slaughterhouses

Feurer

Roux

Rossel³

et al. 2018

International Journal of Food Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pork ham muscle can be contaminated with HEV via blood vessels during viremia and represents a possible source of human contamination via the consumption of dried ham. This study evaluated the prevalence of HEV RNA in pork ham muscles and pork livers at slaughterhouses. Serology was determined on the corresponding serum samples. The apparent individual seroprevalence rate in the 49 pig farms studied was 59% [55.5%-61.4%]. None of the 1134 ham muscles tested was positive for the presence of HEV. HEV prevalence in paired liver samples was 2.8% with a level of contamination of up to 1.46 10copies/g. Sequences of viral strains isolated from positive livers belonged to genotype 3 and subtypes 3c, 3e, 3f and 3j. Our results confirmed that raw pork liver food products are a source of risk for humans but they also showed that there is a limited risk of human infection by HEV through the consumption of ham muscle.

show abstract

Section: Hev Prevalence In Pork Musclessupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

High load of hepatitis E viral RNA in pork livers but absence in pork muscle at French slaughterhouses

Feurer

Roux

Rossel³

et al. 2018

International Journal of Food Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In sharp contrast, the rate of detection of HEV in pig livers outside Asia, where HEV genotype 3 predominates (27), is much higher. In North America, the prevalence of HEV contamination in retail pig livers typically ranges from 5% to 10% (28,29). In Europe, the prevalence is even higher and can reach up to over 40% in very-high-risk pig liver-derived food products, such as figatellu (12,30,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology and Strain Comparison between Hepatitis E Viruses in Human Sera and Pig Livers during 2014 to 2016 in Hong Kong

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in developing countries and is considered an emerging foodborne pathogen in developed countries in which it was previously not endemic. To investigate genetic association between human HEV infection and HEV-contaminated high-risk food in Hong Kong, we compared local virus strains obtained from hepatitis E patient sera with those surveyed from high-risk food items during 2014 to 2016. Twenty-four cases of laboratory-confirmed human HEV infections were identified from January 2014 to March 2016 in our hospitals. Five types of food items at risk of HEV contamination were purchased on a biweekly basis from April 2014 to March 2016 in two local market settings: supermarkets (lamb, oyster, and pig liver) and wet markets (oyster, pig blood curd, pig large intestine, and pig liver). HEV RNA detection was performed by a real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay. HEV RNA was detected in pig liver, pig intestine, and oyster samples with prevalences of 1.5%, 0.4%, and 0.2%, respectively. Neighbor-joining phylogenetic inference showed that all human and swine HEV strains belonged to genotype 4. HEV subtype distributions in humans and swine were highly comparable: subtype 4b predominated, while subtype 4d was the minority. Local human and swine HEV genotype 4 strains shared over 95% nucleotide identity and were genetically very similar, implicating swine as an important foodborne source of autochthonous human HEV infections in Hong Kong. Action should be taken to raise the awareness among public and health care professionals of hepatitis E as an emerging foodborne disease.

show abstract

“…Requiring shower‐in and providing boots for visitors were significant predictors (p < 0.05) in single fixed‐effect mixed logistic regression analysis for reduced detection of HEV. Such biosecurity measures and not obtaining feeder pigs from multiple sources were associated with reduced odds of detecting HEV (Wilhelm et al., ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health risks associated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) as a food‐borne pathogen

Ricci¹,

Allende²,

Bolton³

et al. 2017

EFS2

115

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important infection in humans in EU/EEA countries, and over the last 10 years more than 21,000 acute clinical cases with 28 fatalities have been notified with an overall 10-fold increase in reported HEV cases; the majority (80%) of cases were reported from France, Germany and the UK. However, as infection in humans is not notifiable in all Member States, and surveillance differs between countries, the number of reported cases is not comparable and the true number of cases would probably be higher. Food-borne transmission of HEV appears to be a major route in Europe; pigs and wild boars are the main source of HEV. Outbreaks and sporadic cases have been identified in immune-competent persons as well as in recognised risk groups such as those with preexisting liver damage, immunosuppressive illness or receiving immunosuppressive treatments. The opinion reviews current methods for the detection, identification, characterisation and tracing of HEV in food-producing animals and foods, reviews literature on HEV reservoirs and food-borne pathways, examines information on the epidemiology of HEV and its occurrence and persistence in foods, and investigates possible control measures along the food chain. Presently, the only efficient control option for HEV infection from consumption of meat, liver and products derived from animal reservoirs is sufficient heat treatment. The development of validated quantitative and qualitative detection methods, including infectivity assays and consensus molecular typing protocols, is required for the development of quantitative microbial risk assessments and efficient control measures. More research on the epidemiology and control of HEV in pig herds is required in order to minimise the proportion of pigs that remain viraemic or carry high levels of virus in intestinal contents at the time of slaughter. Consumption of raw pig, wild boar and deer meat products should be avoided.

show abstract

Factors Affecting Detection of Hepatitis E Virus on Canadian Retail Pork Chops and Pork Livers Assayed Using Real‐Time RT‐PCR

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

High load of hepatitis E viral RNA in pork livers but absence in pork muscle at French slaughterhouses

High load of hepatitis E viral RNA in pork livers but absence in pork muscle at French slaughterhouses

Molecular Epidemiology and Strain Comparison between Hepatitis E Viruses in Human Sera and Pig Livers during 2014 to 2016 in Hong Kong

Public health risks associated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) as a food‐borne pathogen

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About