Factors affecting the structure of lyotropic liquid crystals and the correlation between structure and drug diffusion

Abstract

Factors such as amphiphilic molecules , water content, temperature, pressure, light and magnetic field on the structures of LLCs.

Lipid Dependence of Xanthophyll Cycling in Higher Plants and Algae

“…Normal phases, which are commonly observed in neutral lipid/water systems, are micellas (L 1 ), normal discontinuous cubic phases (I I ), normal hexagonal phases (H I ) and the normal bicontinuous cubic phases (Q I ). The reversed phases include inverted micellas (L 2 ), reversed bicontinuous cubic phases (Q II ), the reversed discontinuous cubic phases (Q III ), and the inverted hexagonal phases (H II ) (Huang and Gui, 2018). Types of aggregates, as well as types of phases created by the lipids, are determined both by geometry of the lipid molecule and several physicochemical parameters of its surroundings.…”

Rheology of Drugs For Topical and Transdermal Delivery

“…Note that these generalized second grade fluids may be used to describe the flows of drugs and drug carriers being emulsions, suspensions, and even lipid based lyotropic liquid crystals [38,39]. These crystals can be mainly classified into lamellar phase   received much attention due to their highly ordered internal structure, which offers the great potential as a slow release matrix for active pharmaceutical ingredients with various size and polarities [40][41][42][43][44]. Cubic and hexagonal liquid crystals are often formed by the addition of certain amphiphilic lipids in an aqueous environment (e.g., they can be prepared by simply blending lipid and aqueous phase by vortex).…”

“…When both these liquid crystals are dispersed into nanoparticles with excess water with addition of certain stabilizers, they form stable colloidal dispersions which are termed cubosomes and hexosomes, respectively. Analysing the latest reports on the rheological behaviour of lyotropic liquid crystals presented in the papers [40][41][42][43][44], it seems that novel descriptions relating to viscoelastic fluids of Maxwell and Jeffreys type being drug carriers may be provided. These descriptions consist in changing the simple material derivatives ; then the constitutive equations for both these fluids, in current notations, will be [37] -Maxwell type…”

Smart phase transformation system based on lyotropic liquid crystalline@hard capsules for sustained release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs

“…It has multiple crystal structures, that is, lamellar, cubic and hexagonal (Qian et al, 2015;Mei et al, 2017a). The special structures provide incorporation of drugs with different solubility, including hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules (Conn & Drummond, 2013;Rajabalaya et al, 2017) and also tunable release rate (Rizwan & Boyd, 2015;Abd-Allah et al, 2016;Huang & Gui, 2018). LLC exhibits perfect performance on mucosal (Huang et al, 2017), transdermal (Peng et al, 2015;Musa et al, 2017), periodontal (Mei et al, 2017a;Zheng et al, 2018), subcutaneous (Mei et al, 2017b) and other parenteral drug delivery (Wan et al, 2015;Qin et al, 2016), due to its high drug-loading capacity, appropriate viscoelasticity and good biocompatibility (Abd-Allah et al, 2016;Kulkarni & Thareja, 2016).…”