Factors influencing Chinese residents' post-pandemic outbound travel intentions: an extended theory of planned behavior model based on the perception of COVID-19

Abstract

Purpose This study aims to explore the factors influencing the post-pandemic intentions of Chinese residents to participate in outbound travel. The mechanism by which residents' perception of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) influenced their outbound travel intentions are studied. Design/methodology/approach This study developed an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model and used structural equations to analyze data received from 432 questionnaires. Responses were obtained through a combination of online surveys and a traditional paper-based distribution of questionnaires. Findings Results showed that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and past outbound travel behavior have significant positive effects on post-pandemic outbound travel intentions. Although the perception of COVID-19 directly and negatively influences outbound travel intentions, it also has an indirect influence on outbound travel intentions through the mediating effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions. The authors also found that risk tolerance has a negative moderating effect on the direct impact of residents' perception of COVID-19 on their travel intentions. Practical implications The findings can serve as a reference for formulating appropriate tourism development policies by government agencies, tourism management departments and tourism enterprises in destination countries. Originality/value This study developed an extended TPB model by adding more constructs into the TPB model. Compared with the original TPB model, the extended TPB model has better explanatory power of post-pandemic travel intentions. The study also provides evidence for the applicability of the TPB model in studying travel intentions within the context of major public health emergencies and has expanded the application scope of the TPB model.

Personality and travel intentions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: An artificial neural network (ANN) approach

“…In a similar vein, Perić et al (2021) observed that the risk perceptions of Serbian tourists negatively affected their intentions to travel during the pandemic while Garcia and Leoni (2021) revealed that individuals exposed to COVID-19 had a relatively higher willingness to travel. Contributing to the growing literature in the area, Liu et al (2021) found that the perception of COVID-19 had a negative impact on outbound travel by individuals residing in China while risk tolerance had a negative moderating influence on the association between COVID-19 perception and travel intentions after the pandemic. In addition, Xie et al (2021) revealed a significant moderating impact for empathy and perceived waiting time on the association between risk message frames and post-pandemic travel intentions.…”

“…Focussing on the future of travel, Sanjita et al (2021) predicted the number of foreign tourists using an ANN approach. Numerous studies have been conducted to explain the impact of COVID-19 on individuals’ intentions to travel (Zheng et al, 2021; Pappas, 2021 , Liu et al, 2021 , Gupta et al, 2021 ). For instance, in a study on adult residents of Greece, Pappas (2021) confirmed the impact of the pandemic on holiday intentions.…”

Sustainable or a Butterfly Effect in Global Tourism? Nexus of Pandemic Fatigue, COVID-19-Branded Destination Safety, Travel Stimulus Incentives, and Post-Pandemic Revenge Travel

“…In addition, the fact that health and travel restrictions were relaxed meant that individuals could feel that they had more control over their decisions and behaviors than in the earlier stages of the pandemic. Consequently, once barely leaving their homes, pandemic-fatigued people might come to have great enthusiasm about travel again due to the lessened restrictions and increased perceived behavioral control [58]. Based on these arguments, the first hypothesis of the study was created.…”

COVID-19 perceptions, subjective norms, and perceived benefits to attitude and behavior of continuous using of medical mask

“…Positive attitudes tend to positively influence behavioral intentions. Although TPB initially appeared in the organizational behavior literature, in recent years, TPB has been used in various studies on consumer behavior (Kement et al, 2020;Sumaedi et al, 2020;Kapoor & Singhal, 2021;Liu et al, 2021). Including the behavior of buying masks (Shah et al, 2020).…”