Factors Influencing the Immunization of Rh-negative Mothers

Renkonen, K. O.; Timonen, S

doi:10.1136/jmg.4.3.166

Cited by 48 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is clear in some studies that Y antigen incompatibility serves as an adjuvant-like effect on other minor incompatibilities both in mice (Hull 1969, Palm 1970 and probably in man (Toivanen & Hirvonen 1970). Thus, in humans, successful Rh immunization of Rhwomen occurs more frequently when the first child is male than when it is female (Renkonen & Timonen 1967). Moreover, toxemias of pregnancy of suspected immunologic etiology are more common when the fetus is male than when it is female (Toivanen & Hirvonen 1970b).…”

Section: Immunologic Effects On Fetal Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunostimulation Theory of Tumor Development

Prehn

Lappé

1971

Immunological Reviews

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Section: Immunologic Effects On Fetal Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Immunostimulation Theory of Tumor Development

Prehn

Lappé

1971

Immunological Reviews

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“…26 In contrast, David et al opined that the DAT was neither diagnostic nor predictive of severity, it was negative in 48% of infants with serum antibody and it did not correlate with cord blood or peak serum bilirubin levels. 31 Peevy and Wiseman observed that even though a positive DAT was commoner in black than in white infants, there was no difference in bilirubin levels or in the need for phototherapy. 32 In an analysis by Worlledge et al, frequency of ABO HDFN in Nigeria was about 5% with predominant anti-B lytic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immunohaematological Profile of Maternal Antibody-Mediated Abo Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn

Vilambil¹,

Dharmadas²,

Usha³

et al. 2017

jemds

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BACKGROUNDThe potency of anti-A and anti-B was determined by racial and environmental factors. With respect to ethnic groups, the prevalence and intensity of maternal-newborn ABO incompatibility varied in different populations. The aim of this study is to describe the immunological profile of ABO HDFN. Settings and Design-This was a descriptive study conducted in neonates with ABO HDFN. Research was conducted in Depts. of Transfusion Medicine and Neonatology division of Paediatrics in Govt. Medical College, Trivandrum. MATERIALS AND METHODSThose neonates who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Demographic details, maternal details, bilirubin and haemoglobin levels were recorded. Investigations such as maternal blood grouping and antibody titration were done. In infant's blood sample direct antiglobulin test, blood grouping and elution was performed.Statistical Analysis-All statistical data were analysed using SPSS software version 16. RESULTSAmong mothers of infants with ABO HDFN 25 (22.7%) had a titre of 128, 34 (30.9%) had 256, 35 (31.8%) had 512 and 16 (14.6%) had 1024. Among 110 infants 34 (30.9%) were DAT positive, while the rest 76 (69.1%) were DAT negative. While DAT positive was graded 13 (11.8%) fell in grade 1, 16 (14.6%) in grade 2, 3 (2.7%) in grade 3 and 2 (1.8%) in grade 4 categories. Eluate from 59 (53.6%) of infants with ABO HDFN gave a positive result, while the rest 51 (46.4%) gave a negative result. Out of that 59 (53.6%) elution positive infants, 34 (30.9%) had a positive DAT and 25 (22.7%) had a negative DAT; 51 (46.4%) of infants were negative for both elution and DAT. CONCLUSIONMothers of infants with ABO HDFN had an antibody titre of 128 -1024. Almost one-third of infants were DAT positive and majority fell in grade 1 or 2. Eluate from half of infants gave a positive result.

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“…In interpreting apparent changes in antibody concentration it is essential to compare the latest sample with earlier sample by testing the samples together (Bowell et al ., 1982; Nicolaides & Rodeck, 1992). However factors like rate of transfer of antibody across the placenta, period of contact with the antibody, rhesus genotype of the foetus, foetal response to haemolysis and gender determine the outcome of rhesus sensitized pregnancy (Renkonen & Seppala, 1962; Renkonen & Timonen, 1967; Harrison et al ., 1984). In this case, both the mother and the baby had high concentration of anti D and red cells of newborn were fully saturated with maternal anti D. Our finding also support the relationship between increased anti D concentration and severely affected newborn.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blocked D phenomenon, a rare condition with Rh D haemolytic disease of newborn – a case report

Sulochana

Rajesh

Mathai

et al. 2008

Int J Lab Hematology

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Accurate Rh testing can be difficult if the red cells are heavily coated with IgG anti D antibodies - a phenomenon called blocked D. Repeatedly, Rh D negative blood group report was obtained in a newborn male baby with severe haemolytic disease and features of kernicterus born to a 2nd gravida B Rh D negative mother. On investigation, the baby was grouped as B Rh D negative by direct grouping, but after elution, D antigen was detected and phenotyped as CcDe. Antibody was identified as anti D. All D antigens of the baby were fully saturated with anti D leaving any antigen to bind with antisera. Direct Coombs test was strongly positive even after three exchange transfusions. The baby also had free antibody apart from the red cell bound and the red cell eluate, gave a titre of 512. The mother was grouped as B Rh D negative and phenotyped as ce. She had IgM and IgG class of anti D with titres 32 and 1024 respectively. She also had IgM anti C (only in neat) and IgG anti-A with a titre of 512.

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Factors Influencing the Immunization of Rh-negative Mothers

Cited by 48 publications

References 10 publications

An Immunostimulation Theory of Tumor Development

An Immunostimulation Theory of Tumor Development

Immunohaematological Profile of Maternal Antibody-Mediated Abo Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn

Blocked D phenomenon, a rare condition with Rh D haemolytic disease of newborn – a case report

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