Factors Influencing the Upstream Migration of the Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha)

Davidson, Fordyce A.; Vaughan, Elizabeth M.; Hutchinson, S. J.

doi:10.2307/1929698

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Previous studies, including ones conducted in Auke Creek, have examined environmental variables as the main factors driving the timing of upstream salmonid migrations (Davidson, Vaughan & Hutchinson, ; Fukushima & Smoker, ; Bond & Quinn, ). Altered environmental conditions (e.g., earlier peak temperature) are often suspected to decouple synchrony between consumer phenology and periods of prey resource abundance (Visser & Both, ; Scheuerell, Zabel & Sandford, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator‐prey migration phenologies remain synchronised in a warming catchment

2014

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Summary Animal migrations often evolve to exploit seasonal variation in foraging opportunities. Many migrants move among discrete habitats using environmental cues to time their arrivals with seasonal peaks in food abundance. This type of migratory behaviour has been hypothesized to be particularly vulnerable to climate change, which can generate asynchrony between the seasonal timing (phenology) of animal movements and periods of resource abundance in destination habitats. While many studies have documented climate‐induced mismatches between migrants and the lower trophic levels they target, virtually none have explored the consequences of altered migration phenology on the higher trophic levels that migrants often subsidise. We explored the roles of climatic variation and prey migrations in driving the seasonal migrations of predators. We show that in a warming catchment where prey migrations have changed substantially over the last 4 decades, migrations of Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) (predator) remain synchronised with annually variable Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) (prey) migrations and appear to be cued directly by salmon migration rather than environmental conditions. In contrast to many previous studies, our results suggest that some wide‐ranging predators may be resilient to altered prey phenology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predator‐prey migration phenologies remain synchronised in a warming catchment

2014

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“…Very high water discharges can decrease (Jonsson & Jonsson, 2002;, and even temporarily halt upstream fish migrations (Davidson et al, 1943;Sörensen, 1951;Stuart, 1957;Jensen et al, 1989a). For instance, in the River Mistassini, Quebec, Trepanier et al (1996) found that the ascent of landlocked S. salar correlated negatively with water flow, suggesting that the fish preferred falling water phases for ascent.…”

Section: Discharge Is a Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the likely effects of climate change on anadromous Atlantic salmonSalmo salarand brown troutSalmo trutta, with particular reference to water temperature and flow

Jönsson

2009

Journal of Fish Biology

544

510

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The present paper reviews the effects of water temperature and flow on migrations, embryonic development, hatching, emergence, growth and life-history traits in light of the ongoing climate change with emphasis on anadromous Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout Salmo trutta. The expected climate change in the Atlantic is for milder and wetter winters, with more precipitation falling as rain and less as snow, decrease in ice-covered periods and frequent periods with extreme weather. Overall, thermal limits for salmonids are species specific. Scope for activity and growth and optimal temperature for growth increase with temperature to an optimal point before constrain by the oxygen content of the water. The optimal temperature for growth decreases with increasing fish size and varies little among populations within species, whereas the growth efficiency may be locally adapted to the temperature conditions of the home stream during the growth season. Indirectly, temperature influences age and size at smolting through its effect on growth. Time of spawning, egg hatching and emergence of the larvae vary with temperature and selective effects on time of first feeding. Traits such as age at first maturity, longevity and fecundity decrease with increasing temperature whilst egg size increases with temperature. Water flow influences the accessibility of rivers for returning adults and speed of both upstream and downstream migration. Extremes in water flow and temperature can decrease recruitment and survival. There is reason to expect a northward movement of the thermal niche of anadromous salmonids with decreased production and population extinction in the southern part of the distribution areas, migrations earlier in the season, later spawning, younger age at smolting and sexual maturity and increased disease susceptibility and mortality. Future research challenges are summarized at the end of the paper.

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“…' [p. 355]. Similarly, pink salmon in southeast Alaska tends to move into freshwater as coherent schools (Davidson et al 1943). Moreover, movement of salmon into streams for spawning can occur in strong 'pulses' of fish entering at once, even in the absence of obvious environmental stimuli to catalyse the pulses, like increases in flow (e.g.…”

Section: Schooling During Upstream Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A collective navigation hypothesis for homeward migration in anadromous salmonids

et al. 2014

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Anadromous salmon (genera Oncorhynchus and Salmo) spend much of their lives feeding in productive northern oceans and then return home to natal sites for reproduction with remarkable accuracy. The mechanisms used for navigation by individuals during migrations are thought to include geomagnetic, celestial and olfactory cues, but rarely are social interactions between individuals considered. Mounting evidence from other taxa indicates that individuals in larger groups can better sense and respond to environmental cues, thus potentially increasing their ability to navigate. Here, we propose that salmon might similarly benefit from col lective navigation on their homeward journey. To explore this, we compiled data from multiple studies and found strong evidence that rates of successful homing increase with population abundance, consistent with collective navigation. We then discuss how collective navigation could benefit salmon during each stage of their seaward and homeward migrations, and complement this with a review of salmon sociality. Next, we analyse historic high seas catch records and provide new insight into schooling structure of salmon in the marine environment. We argue that collective navigation likely represents a presently under appreciated Fish and Fisheries ; 17 (2016), 2. -S. 525-542 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111 mechanism enhancing the navigational ability of salmon as well as other migra tory species, and outline critical tests of our hypothesis.

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Factors Influencing the Upstream Migration of the Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha)

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Predator‐prey migration phenologies remain synchronised in a warming catchment

Predator‐prey migration phenologies remain synchronised in a warming catchment

A review of the likely effects of climate change on anadromous Atlantic salmonSalmo salarand brown troutSalmo trutta, with particular reference to water temperature and flow

A collective navigation hypothesis for homeward migration in anadromous salmonids

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