Factors Responsible for Tear Ferning

Kogbe, O; Liotet, S; Tiffany, John M.

doi:10.1097/00003226-199109000-00013

Cited by 55 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Although it is now considered a global criterion in all forms of dry eye [16], we have never introduced the measurement of hyperosmolarity since a simple technique is not yet available in the clinical setting. Instead, we used the ferning test, considered another global criterion to make a diagnosis and to define the degree of severity in dry eyes [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dryness Symptoms, Diagnostic Protocol and Therapeutic Management: A Report on 1,200 Patients

et al. 2001

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Purpose: To report the diagnostic and therapeutic data obtained from 1,200 patients suffering from dry eye symptoms not due to Sjögren’s syndrome or other auto-immune diseases. Methods: Schirmer test I, ferning test, breakup time, vital dye staining, brush and imprint cytology were performed; data were grouped into diagnostic profiles, and the therapy was prescribed according to these. Results: Eight diagnostic profiles were identified. Dry eye was diagnosed in 57.1% of patients; the remaining 42.9% were found to suffer from eye discomfort or conjunctivitis of different aetiologies. Conclusions: Subjective symptoms of dryness can hide diseases other than dry eye; combined clinical and laboratory tests are requested to make a diagnosis. Our experience indicates that a therapy prescribed on the basis of diagnostic profiles provides relief in 79.1% of cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dryness Symptoms, Diagnostic Protocol and Therapeutic Management: A Report on 1,200 Patients

et al. 2001

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“…An interesting physical characteristic of tears is their ability to crystallise and form fern-like structures when allowed to dry on a microscope slide at room temperature [23]. This test was first used by Tabbara and Okumoto [24] to evaluate some ocular conditions characterised by mucin deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Simple Dry Eye Model in the Albino Rabbit and Evaluation of Some Tear Substitutes

Burgalassi¹,

Panichi²,

Chetoni³

et al. 1999

Ophthalmic Res

107

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The present paper is concerned with the development of a simple dry eye model in the rabbit, induced by daily repeated instillations of 1.0% atropine sulphate. The evolution of the dry eye syndrome in the animals was assessed by the Schirmer I test and by examination of the cornea after fluorescein staining. The model produced rapidly some typical dry eye symptoms and could be satisfactorily used for a preliminary assessment of the protective activity of some polymeric tear substitutes. These were based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium hyaluronate, sodium polyacrylate or tamarind gum. The latter polymer showed the best overall results. Ferning tests on the formulations were also performed: their validity as predictors of the efficacy of tear substitutes is discussed.

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“…The test appears to reflect the stability of the tear film [9] rather than the quality of mucins [10]. Normal values are the classes I, I/II, and II.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Discomfort and Air Pollution

et al. 1999

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Discomfort eye syndrome (DES) comprises a series of ‘minor’ subjective symptoms in patients where no relevant clinical signs are observed suggesting ocular disease. Our study includes 100 DES patients, excluding video terminal users, selected from the First Aid Service of our Department over two peak periods in both winter and summer time. The Schirmer test I, ferning test, breakup time and conjunctival cytology (scraping and imprint) were performed and data were related to sex, age and air pollution indexes, recorded in the patients’ living zones. Our results demonstrate that: (i) the ocular surface cytology and the analysis of tear film changes provide significant information in those patients where no other clinical signs are evident; (ii) DES symptoms are more frequent in women than in men (ratio about 2:1), both with ages over 51 years; (iii) DES is significantly associated with ocular surface inflammation, as detected by cytological methods, and (iv) ocular surface subclinical inflammation and ocular dryness are related to high concentrations of atmospheric polluters, in both sexes.

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Factors Responsible for Tear Ferning

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Dryness Symptoms, Diagnostic Protocol and Therapeutic Management: A Report on 1,200 Patients

Dryness Symptoms, Diagnostic Protocol and Therapeutic Management: A Report on 1,200 Patients

Development of a Simple Dry Eye Model in the Albino Rabbit and Evaluation of Some Tear Substitutes

Eye Discomfort and Air Pollution

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