“…User responses to a source post (the first message) have been exploited in some rumor detection models. Most studies use four stance categories: [Ma et al, 2016] Twitter15 1,490 y y y y Twitter Tweets from [Liu et al, 2015;Ma et al,2016 [Shu et al, 2019], enhanced from PolitiFact and GossipCop Table 1: Datasets for rumor detection and their properties supporting, denying, querying and commenting. Some studies have explicitly used stance information in their rumor detection model, and have shown big performance improvement (Liu et al, 2015;Enayet and El-Beltagy, 2017;Ma et al, 2018a;Kochkina et al, 2018), including the two systems, (Enayet and El-Beltagy, 2017) and (Li et al, 2019a), that were ranked No.…”