False negative RT-PCR and false positive antibody tests–Concern and solutions in the diagnosis of COVID-19

Jia, Xingwang; Xiao, Liehui; Liu, Huan

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.10.007

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“… 58 At least half of these patients are RT-PCR negative, and many patients with a clear epidemiologic link to COVID-19 are both RT-PCR and antibody negative. 59 Patients who were recently infected with SARS-CoV-2 have detectable viral particles upon sensitive testing. 60 However, the current clinical testing is set to high specificity, excluding many samples that have trace quantities of virus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperspectral Mapping for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Nanomolecular Probes with Yoctomole Sensitivity

et al. 2021

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Efficient monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak requires the use of a sensitive and rapid diagnostic test. Although SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected by RT-qPCR, the molecular-level quantification of the viral load is still challenging, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. Here, we report an ultrasensitive hyperspectral sensor (HyperSENSE) based on hafnium nanoparticles (HfNPs) for specific detection of COVID-19 causative virus, SARS-CoV-2. Density functional theoretical calculations reveal that HfNPs exhibit higher changes in their absorption wavelength and light scattering when bound to their target SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence relative to the gold nanoparticles. The assay has a turnaround time of a few seconds and has a limit of detection in the yoctomolar range, which is 1 000 000-fold times higher than the currently available COVID-19 tests. We demonstrated in ∼100 COVID-19 clinical samples that the assay is highly sensitive and has a specificity of 100%. We also show that HyperSENSE can rapidly detect other viruses such as influenza A H1N1. The outstanding sensitivity indicates the potential of the current biosensor in detecting the prevailing presymptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. Thus, integrating hyperspectral imaging with nanomaterials establishes a diagnostic platform for ultrasensitive detection of COVID-19 that can potentially be applied to any emerging infectious pathogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperspectral Mapping for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Nanomolecular Probes with Yoctomole Sensitivity

et al. 2021

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“…A first correction to the seroprevalence analysis presented in the previous Section is due to the sensitivity and specificity of the serological tests adopted in the survey screenings (for a recent note on the false positive and false negative in diagnosis of Covid-19, see (Jia, 2020b) ( Jia, Xiao, & Liu, 2020 )).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling SARS-CoV-2 unreported cases in Italy: Analysis of serological survey and vaccination scenarios

Traini¹,

Caponi²,

Ferrari³

et al. 2021

Infectious Disease Modelling

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Objectives Aim of the present paper is the study of the large unreported component, characterizing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic event in Italy, taking advantage of the Istat survey. Particular attention is devoted to the sensitivity and specificity of the serological test and their effects. Methods The model satisfactory reproduces the data of the Italian survey showing a relevant predictive power and relegating in a secondary position models which do not include, in the simulation, the presence of asymptomatic groups. The corrections due to the serological test sensitivity (in particular those ones depending on the symptoms onset) are crucial for a realistic analysis of the unreported (and asymptomatic) components. Results The relevant presence of an unreported component during the second pandemic wave in Italy is confirmed and the ratio of reported to unreported cases is predicted to be roughly 1:4 in the last months of year 2020. A method to correct the serological data on the basis of the antibody sensitivity is suggested and systematically applied. The asymptomatic component is also studied in some detail and its amount quantified. A model analyses of the vaccination scenarios is performed confirming the relevance of a massive campaign (at least 80000 immunized per day) during the first six months of the year 2021, to obtain important immunization effects within August/September 2021.

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“…Furthermore, some studies fail to specify whether the tests used for selecting patients are PCR-based, serum antibody based, or a mixture of the two. This distinction is important because the rate of false positives and false negatives is much higher in the antigen/antibody tests, [108][109][110][111] meaning error rates may vary among studies. This limitation presents challenges for clinicians in determining the likelihood that patients with non-specific symptoms have Long COVID, and also presents difficulties for largescale efforts to characterize symptoms associated with COVID-19 and Long COVID.…”

Section: Ambiguity In Defining the Acute Infectious Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in defining Long COVID: Striking differences across literature, Electronic Health Records, and patient-reported information

Rando

Bennett

Byrd

et al. 2021

Preprint

119

124

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Since late 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has introduced a wide array of health challenges globally. In addition to a complex acute presentation that can affect multiple organ systems, increasing evidence points to long-term sequelae being common and impactful. As the worldwide scientific community forges ahead with efforts to characterize a wide range of outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the proliferation of available data has made it clear that formal definitions are needed in order to design robust and consistent studies of Long COVID that consistently capture variation in long-term outcomes. In the present study, we investigate the definitions used in the literature published to date and compare them against data available from electronic health records and patient-reported information collected via surveys. Long COVID holds the potential to produce a second public health crisis on the heels of the pandemic. Proactive efforts to identify the characteristics of this heterogeneous condition are imperative for a rigorous scientific effort to investigate and mitigate this threat.

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False negative RT-PCR and false positive antibody tests–Concern and solutions in the diagnosis of COVID-19

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Hyperspectral Mapping for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Nanomolecular Probes with Yoctomole Sensitivity

Hyperspectral Mapping for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Nanomolecular Probes with Yoctomole Sensitivity

Modelling SARS-CoV-2 unreported cases in Italy: Analysis of serological survey and vaccination scenarios

Challenges in defining Long COVID: Striking differences across literature, Electronic Health Records, and patient-reported information

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