FAST: A Frequency-Aware Skewed Merkle Tree for FPGA-Secured Embedded Systems

Zou, Yu; Lin, Mingjie

doi:10.1109/isvlsi.2019.00066

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition, network latency has an impact on the Merkle tree's performance. To diminish the quantity of traversals and produce a skewed Merkle tree for a particular application using a memory access design, Zou and Lin 18 made a fully balanced Merkle tree named “FAST.” When contrasted with the conventional Merkle tree, the recommended strategy performs better and is more effective.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of efficient storage and retrieval of medical records in blockchain based on InterPlanetary File System and modified bloom tree

Devi

Bhuvaneswari

2023

Security and Privacy

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In the healthcare sector, medical records contain sensitive information about patients, so guaranteeing the confidentiality and integrity of it is essential. To improve the security of it, blockchain technology is being utilized. The blockchain is a type of distributed ledger and it keeps data securely while also generating trust without the need of third party. It has data storage constraint and Merkle tree preserves data integrity but it is inefficient when searching transactions within it. Hence this paper describes InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) based storage and modified bloom tree data structure which is a hybridization of bloom filter and Merkle tree for efficient searching. To protect data privacy, initially it encrypts medical records using ciphertext policy‐attribute based encryption and then the data stored on IPFS returns a hash value. To diminish the false positive rate (FPR), the hash returned by IPFS is stored in two parts of the bloom filter. The first part stores the data by using “k” non‐cryptographic hash function and second part stores the transformed data with the same hash function. The bloom tree is created using Merkle proof for verification of medical record in blockchain. The experiments show that the proposed method reduces the FPR rate and searching complexity is O(log2).

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Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of efficient storage and retrieval of medical records in blockchain based on InterPlanetary File System and modified bloom tree

Devi

Bhuvaneswari

2023

Security and Privacy

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“…The significance of BMT in hardware security is also noteworthy, especially with the emergence of new technologies like Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) where the ability of data retention after a crash allows an attacker to temper the confidentiality and integrity of stored information before the system can fully recover [1], [14], [18]. Recent FPGA-targeted secure memory systems have been using BMT for verification [16], [17].…”

Section: Technical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

HMT: A Hardware-Centric Hybrid Bonsai Merkle Tree Algorithm for High-Performance Authentication

Shadab

Zou

Gandham

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/SIGDA International Symposium on Field-Programmable Gate Arrays

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Bonsai Merkle tree (BMT) is a widely used data structure for authenticating data/metadata in a secure computing system. However, the predominantly recursive and sequential nature of traditional BMT algorithms make them challenging to implement with Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in modern heterogeneous computing platforms. In this work, we introduce HMT, a hardware-friendly implementation methodology for BMT that enables the verification and update processes to function independently, as well as saves additional write-backs by making the update conditions more flexible compared to previous algorithms. The methodology of HMT contributes both novel algorithm revisions and innovative hardware techniques to implementing BMT. Our empirical performance measurements have demonstrated that HMT can achieve up to 7x improvement in bandwidth and 4.5x reduction in latency over the baseline.

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“…After The layer stack is appended, the unique Merkle root is created [95], [96]. Cmndbdoes did not merely utilize a "block + chain" chain information structure but, instead, stores the data gathered by all blocks in a Merkle Tree form [97]- [99] organized by a hash pointer.…”

Section: Blockchain-based Wireless Sensor Network Architecture For Detection Of Malicious Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Based Wireless Sensor Networks for Malicious Node Detection: A Survey

et al. 2021

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are broadly applied for various applications in tracking and surveillance due to their ease of use and other distinctive characteristics compelled by real-time cooperation among the sensor nodes. In WSNs, security is becoming a critical issue, as the techniques for malicious node detection adopt a one-time, centralized decision-making approach. With this paradigm, errors are difficult to avoid, and reproducibility and traceability are challenging. Hence, malicious node discovery technologies in conventional WSNs cannot assure traceability and fairness of the detection method. Herein, this paper discusses an in-depth survey of a blockchain-based approach for malicious node detection, an exhaustive examination of the integration of blockchain techniques with WSNs (BWSN), and insights into this novel concept. This survey discusses the architecture, sector-wise applications, and uses of BWSN. Moreover, this survey describes malicious node detection based on BWSN in two parts: 1) the BWSN architecture for detecting the malicious nodes and 2) the smart contract aspects in malicious node detection. Next, this survey explains the contributions of blockchain for WSN data management, which involves online information aggregation and may include auditing, event logs, and storage for information analysis and offline query processing. This survey first presents the conventional WSN solutions then the blockchain-based WSN solutions for data management. Additionally, this survey discusses the contributions of blockchain for WSN security management. It first examines the centralized WSN models for security problems, followed by a discussion of the blockchain-based WSN solutions for security management, such as offering access control, preserving information integrity, guaranteeing privacy, and ensuring WSNs' node longevity.

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FAST: A Frequency-Aware Skewed Merkle Tree for FPGA-Secured Embedded Systems

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Design of efficient storage and retrieval of medical records in blockchain based on InterPlanetary File System and modified bloom tree

Design of efficient storage and retrieval of medical records in blockchain based on InterPlanetary File System and modified bloom tree

HMT: A Hardware-Centric Hybrid Bonsai Merkle Tree Algorithm for High-Performance Authentication

Blockchain-Based Wireless Sensor Networks for Malicious Node Detection: A Survey

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