Fast eating is a strong risk factor for new-onset diabetes among the Japanese general population

Abstract

Although many studies that have examined the relationship of type and amount of food and the frequency of eating with new onset of diabetes, there are few reports on the relationship between how meals are eaten, such as skipping breakfast, snacking or food ingestion speed, and the onset of diabetes. We investigated the relationship between eating speed, as well as other eating habits such as snacking and skip breakfast, and new onset of diabetes in a nation-wide Japanese cohort. We obtained data from the nation-wide annual health check program in Japan. In 197,825 participants without diabetes in 2008, questionnaires recorded data on the diet habits (eating speed, snack after supper or before sleep, and skipping breakfast) and unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to measure the odds ratio of new-onset diabetes mellitus in a 3-year follow up. The proportion of fast eaters, those who snack after supper, snack before sleep, and skip breakfast was higher in the new-onset diabetes group than in the group who did not develop diabetes mellitus. As compared with the non-fast eater group, fast eaters were generally younger, had higher BMI, had more weight gain from 20 years onwards, and experienced frequent weight fluctuations of ≥3 kg within 1 year. The risk of fast eaters developing diabetes mellitus remained even after correction for multiple factors including age, body weight, rate of weight change, blood pressure, smoking, and alcohol consumption. No other eating habits were independent predictors for onset of diabetes mellitus. Results show that fast eating is a sole predisposing factor among eating habits for new-onset diabetes. Future studies were warranted to evaluate whether avoidance of fast eating is beneficial for prevention of diabetes mellitus.

Eating Habits and Sleep Quality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adult Population of Ecuador

“…It is important to highlight other studies that show that an unusual feeding time can produce alteration of the circadian system that could have harmful consequences for human health [ 47 ]. The energy distribution of the diet would be an important predictor for losing or gaining weight, where people who eat high-energy meals for lunch or dinner, gain weight and may become overweight and obese [ 48 ].…”

Eating speed and the risk of type 2 diabetes: explorations based on real-world evidence

“…In recent times, the rate of food consumption has been of interest as a risk factor that contributes to the development of diabetes. Although there are considerable studies and established evidence on the relationship between type and amount of food consumption and the risk of diabetes, a few epidemiological studies have investigated this relationship and inferred that there exists a significant association between fast eating and onset of diabetes [ 5 - 8 ]. Besides, certain studies addressed this question with a general focus on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases [ 9 - 12 ].…”

“…Although there are considerable studies and established evidence on the relationship between type and amount of food consumption and the risk of diabetes, a few epidemiological studies have investigated this relationship and inferred that there exists a significant association between fast eating and onset of diabetes. [5][6][7][8] Besides, certain studies addressed this question with a general focus on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. [9][10][11][12] The main goal of this review is to inspect the high-quality studies that were conducted around the world using real-world data and draw inferences regarding the association between speed of eating and the risk of diabetes, which could assist the public in making informed decisions.…”

Higher baseline uric acid concentration is associated with non-attainment of optimal blood pressure

“…This study was conducted as a part of the ongoing "Research on the Positioning of Chronic Kidney Disease in Specific Health Check and Guidance in Japan (SHCG)" project [18,19]. Of the 47 prefectural governments in Japan, 27 agreed to participate in this study.…”

“…Of the 47 prefectural governments in Japan, 27 agreed to participate in this study. SHCG data recorded between 2008 and 2010 were sent to and verified by the independent data center, the non-profit organization Japan Clinical Support Unit (Tokyo, Japan) [18,19].…”