Fast emplacement of extensive pahoehoe flow-fields: the case of the 1736 flows from Montaña de las Nueces, Lanzarote

Solana, M. Carmen; Kilburn, Christopher R. J.; Badiola, Eduardo Rodríguez; Aparicio, Alfredo

doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(03)00345-7

Cited by 29 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although pahoehoe morphology is not necessarily indicative of slow emplacement (e.g., Solana et al 2004), compound flows with small, superposed Hawaiian-style flow lobes are suggestive of low effusion rates. It is important to note that it is difficult to derive quantitative estimates of effusion rates based on such comparisons, since flow morphology is also dependent on other variables such as the temperature and composition of lavas and the rate of strain experienced by the flow surfaces.…”

Section: Pahoehoe Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and textural diversity of the Steens Basalt lava flows, Southeastern Oregon, USA: implications for emplacement style and nature of eruptive episodes

Bondre

2007

Bull Volcanol

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This study focuses on Middle Miocene tholeiitic flood basalt lava flows from the Oregon Plateau, northwestern USA (Steens Basalt), and is the first to comprehensively document and evaluate their morphology. Field observations of flows from several sections within and proximal to the main exposures at Steens Mountain have been supplemented with textural and geochemical data, and are used to offer preliminary insights into their emplacement. Compound pahoehoe flows of variable thickness appear to be common throughout the study area, laterally and vertically. These tend to be plagioclase phyric and the morphology and disposition of constituent flow lobes are quite similar to those from other provinces such as Hawaii and the Snake River Plain. Classic a'a flows with brecciated upper and basal crusts are not abundant, but by no means uncommon. Flows with characters different from typical pahoehoe and a'a are also common. Such flows display a range in morphology; flows with preserved upper crusts but brecciated basal crusts, as well as those displaying well-developed flow-top breccias and preserved basal crusts (rubbly pahoehoe) are observed. The Steens Basalt appears to display greater morphological and textural diversity at the outcrop scale than that described for some other flood basalt provinces. The abundant compound pahoehoe flows (often rich in plagioclase phenocrysts) were likely emplaced during slow but sustained eruptive episodes; their constituent lobes show clear evidence for endogenous growth. The relatively aphyric flows with brecciated surfaces (including a'a) hint at higher strain rates and/or higher viscosity, probably caused by higher effusion rates. A couple of sections are characterized by compositionally similar, but morphologically different flows that were possibly part of the same eruption. While differences in pre-eruptive topography could explain this, it is also possible that certain physical parameters changed substantially and abruptly during eruption and that such changes were accompanied by differentiation processes within the plumbing system. It is possible that such observations indicate temporal fluctuations within complex magmatic and eruptive systems, and deserve closer scrutiny.

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Section: Pahoehoe Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and textural diversity of the Steens Basalt lava flows, Southeastern Oregon, USA: implications for emplacement style and nature of eruptive episodes

Bondre

2007

Bull Volcanol

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“…1). This eruption has been studied in detail by Romero (1991), Carracedo et al (1992) and Solana et al (2004).…”

Section: Holocene Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consequences of 6 years of activity were that more than one-third of farmland and numerous villages of the island were buried by ash and the accompanying degassing resulted in acidic rain fall, which triggered the evacuation and economic collapse of the island (Carracedo et al, 2012;Solana et al, 2004).…”

Section: Holocene Volcanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing qualitative long-term volcanic hazards at Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands)

Becerril

Martı́

Bartolini

et al. 2017

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Conducting long-term hazard assessment in active volcanic areas is of primary importance for land-use planning and defining emergency plans able to be applied in case of a crisis. A definition of scenario hazard maps helps to mitigate the consequences of future eruptions by anticipating the events that may occur. Lanzarote is an active volcanic island that has hosted the largest ( > 1.5 km 3 DRE) and longest (6 years) eruption, the Timanfaya eruption (1730-1736), on the Canary Islands in historical times (last 600 years). This eruption brought severe economic losses and forced local people to migrate. In spite of all these facts, no comprehensive hazard assessment or hazard maps have been developed for the island. In this work, we present an integrated longterm volcanic hazard evaluation using a systematic methodology that includes spatial analysis and simulations of the most probable eruptive scenarios.

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“…Such flows are usually found in areas with low topographic slopes (e.g. Rossi 1997;Solana et al 2004), and this emplacement mechanism may predominate during flood basalt eruptions (Self et al 1998). …”

Section: Inflation Of Lava Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread inflation and drainage of a pāhoehoe flow field: the Nesjahraun, Þingvellir, Iceland

et al. 2011

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This study describes the emplacement of the Nesjahraun, a basaltic lava flow that entered the lake Þingvallavatn, SW Iceland. High-resolution remotely sensed data were combined with fieldwork to map the flow field. Onshore, the Nesjahraun exhibits a variety of textures related to the widespread inflation and collapse of a pāhoehoe flow field. Its emplacement is interpreted as follows: Initially, the eruption produced sheet pāhoehoe. In the central part of the flow field, the lava has a platy-ridged surface, which is similar to some other lava flows in Iceland and on Mars. Here, the texture is interpreted to have formed by unsteady inflation of the brittle crust of stationary sheet pāhoehoe, causing it to break into separate plates. The ridges of broken pāhoehoe slabs formed as the plates of crust moved vertically past each other in a process similar to the formation of shatter rings. Upstream, fresh lava overflowed repeatedly from channels and tubes, covering the surface with shelly pāhoehoe. Formation of a 250-m-wide open channel through the flow field allowed the inflated central part of the flow to drain Editorial responsibility: J.D.L. White Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00445-011-0482-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.rapidly. This phase produced 'a'ā lava, which eroded the channel walls, carrying broken pāhoehoe slabs, lava balls and detaching large (>200 m long) rafts of compound shelly pāhoehoe lava. Much of this channelized lava flowed into the lake, leaving a network of drained channels and tubes in the upstream part of the flow. As in other locations, the platy-ridged texture is associated with a low underlying slope and high eruption rate. Here, its formation was possibly enhanced by lateral confinement, hindered entry into the lake and an elevated vent location. We suggest that formation of this type of platy-ridged lava, where the plates are smooth and the ridges are slabs of broken pāhoehoe, can occur without significant horizontal transport, as the surface crust is broken into plates in situ. This reconstruction of the emplacement of the Nesjahraun also demonstrates that high-resolution aerial survey data are extremely useful in the mapping and measurement of lithofacies distributions in large flow fields, but that fieldwork is still necessary to obtain the detailed textural information necessary to interpret them.

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Fast emplacement of extensive pahoehoe flow-fields: the case of the 1736 flows from Montaña de las Nueces, Lanzarote

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Morphological and textural diversity of the Steens Basalt lava flows, Southeastern Oregon, USA: implications for emplacement style and nature of eruptive episodes

Morphological and textural diversity of the Steens Basalt lava flows, Southeastern Oregon, USA: implications for emplacement style and nature of eruptive episodes

Assessing qualitative long-term volcanic hazards at Lanzarote Island (Canary Islands)

Widespread inflation and drainage of a pāhoehoe flow field: the Nesjahraun, Þingvellir, Iceland

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