Fast Frequency Regulation From a Wind Farm-BESS Unit by Model Predictive Control: Method and Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation

Cirio, D.; Conte, Francesco; Gabriele, Bruno; Gandolfi, Chiara; Massucco, S.; Rapizza, Marco Raffaele; Silvestro, F.

doi:10.1109/tste.2023.3265187

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Expansion valve: The expansion valve follows the Bernoulli's principle for mass flow calculation as in (11). The valve orifice area is controlled by the superheat controller.…”

Section: B Thermal Subsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors in [10] demonstrated the feasibility of BESS-based FFR services through hardware-in-the-loop testing, examining the impact of frequency measurement accuracy and latency on frequency regulation performance. Study [11] proposed a model-predictive control (MPC) method for BESS-based FFR services, and the authors claimed that the proposed method achieved a fast response speed while being feasible with lowcost hardware. Although the technological aspects of BESSbased FFR services are mature, they unavoidably result in a volatile BESS power profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Integrating Air-Source Heat Pumps into the Demand-side Fast Frequency Response Service: A Study Based on Thermal Dynamic Uncertainty

Song,

Terzija,

Hamacher

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fast frequency response services, designed to quickly balance the electrical grid within seconds, have a critical importance for managing sudden anomalies in low-inertia power systems. Battery systems often serve as versatile prosumers on the demand side to facilitate fast frequency response services. However, the nature of the fast frequency response services leads to a highly fluctuating power profile for batteries, which can shorten their lifetime. In contrast, distributed air-source heat pumps in residential areas have a substantial untapped potential to support fast frequency response services. This paper seeks to integrate them into the existing services through a controller upgrade. We analyze the influence of air-source heat pumps’ inherent complex thermal dynamics on fast frequency response services, revealing control challenges posed by unpredictable operating condition changes. Such a challenge is tackled with a decentralized control strategy based on H∞ and inverse-droop control, guaranteeing practical and stable operations within the permitted operating condition range. Finally, the proposed fast frequency response service scheme is tested through multiphysics simulations on a small-size low-inertia residential microgrid. The obtained results strongly supported the proposed new service.

show abstract

“…Expansion valve: The expansion valve follows the Bernoulli's principle for mass flow calculation as in (11). The valve orifice area is controlled by the superheat controller.…”

Section: B Thermal Subsystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Air-Source Heat Pumps into the Demand-side Fast Frequency Response Service: A Study Based on Thermal Dynamic Uncertainty

Song,

Terzija,

Hamacher

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the mismatch between source and load caused by the continuous increase in the proportion of wind and solar installations has also brought about serious challenges to the frequency adjustment of power systems. At the same time, in recent years, the rapid development of an energy storage system as a new type of power device that can be charged and discharged, with fast power response characteristics, has become an indispensable part of the security and stability of today's power systems [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Virtual Inertial Control and Virtual Droop Control Coordinated Control Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Taking into Account State of Charge Optimization

Xing,

Xiao,

et al. 2024

Electronics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For energy-storage-assisting conventional units to participate in the primary frequency regulation of a power system, firstly, based on the frequency regulation mechanism of virtual inertial control (VIC) and virtual droop control (VDC) of energy storage, we analyze the effect of the action timing of energy storage on the frequency deviation of the grid under two control methods and put forward a reasonable combination of the two control methods; on this basis, we also put forward hybrid energy storage adaptive VIC and VDC based on the demand of VIC and VDC on the power and capacity of energy storage. On this basis, based on the demand of VIC and VDC on the power and capacity of energy storage, a hybrid energy storage adaptive VIC and VDC coordinated control strategy based on supercapacitor–lithium batteries is proposed, whereby a high-power storage supercapacitor responds to inertial control signals to rapidly suppress a drop in frequency, and the high-capacity lithium battery responds to droop control signals to perform long-time droop control. The high-capacity lithium battery responds to the sagging control signal and is used to perform a long-time sagging power response; finally, in order to avoid the state of charge (SOC) of energy storage falling into a low/high working condition and losing the subsequent frequency regulation ability, an adaptive power control strategy of energy storage based on the improved logistic function is proposed. The simulation results show that under typical load disturbance, the SOC level of the proposed strategy increases by 19.17% and 30.16%, respectively, compared with that of the single-lithium strategy and no energy storage, and the SOC level of the supercapacitor and lithium battery increases by 29.4% and 2.1%, respectively, compared with that of logistic optimization.

show abstract

Novel state of charge estimation method of containerized Lithium–Ion battery energy storage system based on deep learning

Zou,

Wang,

Yan

et al. 2024

Journal of Power Sources

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fast Frequency Regulation From a Wind Farm-BESS Unit by Model Predictive Control: Method and Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Integrating Air-Source Heat Pumps into the Demand-side Fast Frequency Response Service: A Study Based on Thermal Dynamic Uncertainty

Integrating Air-Source Heat Pumps into the Demand-side Fast Frequency Response Service: A Study Based on Thermal Dynamic Uncertainty

Adaptive Virtual Inertial Control and Virtual Droop Control Coordinated Control Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage Taking into Account State of Charge Optimization

Novel state of charge estimation method of containerized Lithium–Ion battery energy storage system based on deep learning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About