To investigate the relationship between solid friction and energy dissipation due to phonon, we developed a coupled-oscillator surface model that consists of an infinitely large number of bulk atoms in a solid. This method is formulated using a dynamic lattice Green's function. A self-consistent scheme used for achieving a steady state and a fast convolution method that reduces the high computational overhead are also presented. Furthermore, a methodology to decompose the friction coefficient with the surface phonon modes is obtained. The energy absorption band corresponding to the wave number of the surface phonon is found. These approaches clarify the role of the energy-dissipation mechanism in sliding friction. Two-dimensional friction models in which both surfaces have same lattice constant, i.e., commensurate surfaces, are used to demonstrate these methods. In the analysis of a friction system between flat surfaces, energy transfer from the kinetic energy of a sliding solid to low-frequency surface phonons in the counter solid occurs in the presence of bulk atoms. The energy dissipation into the bulk system leads to friction. We also investigate a friction system between periodically contacting surfaces. It is found that surface phonons with nonzero wave number act as channels for energy dissipation and alter the friction profile depending on the size of the contact area. When the contact size is so large that a sufficient number of the nonzero wave number modes act as the energydissipation channels, the profile of the friction decomposition with the nonzero wave number modes exhibits good agreement with that estimated by a simple continuum model.