Fatty acid composition of female and male clams (Ruditapes philippinarum): energy intake and temperature reliance

Abstract

We analysed the effect of temperature, coupled with food ingestion rate (IR), on the fatty acid (FA) profile of female and male clams conditioned in two groups: L (low IR at 14 and 18°C) and H (high IR at 18 and 22°C). Significant differences for group L, both 18L and 14L with low IR and slow gonadal development, owed to differences in energy balance between 18L clams (negative energy balance) and 14L clams (positive energy balance). Plasmalogens (DMA 18:0) and non-methylene-interrupted FAs might protect against reactive oxygen species and preserve the integrity of the cell membranes during food stress in 18L clams. Differences in composition for group H, both 18H and 22H with high food intake, positive energetic balance and complete and similar gonadal occupation index (GOI), probably owed to the greater energy levels at 18°C than at 22°C. Clams at 22°C H increased the oxidation of short-chained PUFA 18:3x3 and 18:3x6 to maintain the same GOI as 18H clams. Regarding the sexual differences, the greater accumulation of 20:5x3 and 20:4x6 in females might be related with oocyte maturation and release during spawning, while the greatest levels of 22:6x3 in males might be involved in spermatocyte membranes synthesis.

Reproductive Biology and Ecology of the Green Mussel Perna viridis: A Multidisciplinary Approach

“…The observed positive correlation between PUFAs content and the quantity of ingested planktons in this study further suggested that a variation in fatty acids contents during different gonad development stages was closely related to the fatty acid contents of planktons [27]. The high content of the gonadal PUFAs during the advanced gametogenesis stages of P. viridis was due to the increased ingestion of plankton, particularly Bacillariophyceae and dinoflagellates, which contain higher amounts of n-3 fatty acids [76,77]. More precisely, it was reported that Bacillariophyceae are rich in eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), while dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyceae) are enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [76,77].…”

“…The high content of the gonadal PUFAs during the advanced gametogenesis stages of P. viridis was due to the increased ingestion of plankton, particularly Bacillariophyceae and dinoflagellates, which contain higher amounts of n-3 fatty acids [76,77]. More precisely, it was reported that Bacillariophyceae are rich in eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), while dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyceae) are enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) [76,77]. In our study, it was revealed that during the gonadal mature stages, P. viridis consumed more than two times the amount of Bacillariophyce and Pyrrophyceae compared to that during the spent and resting stages (see Table S3).…”

Fatty Acid Profile of Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, Fed Different Ratios of Dietary Seaweed and Microalgae during Broodstock Conditioning

“…Fatty acids, including PUFA, are provided by microalgae, the primary food source to bivalves, and the amount of these compounds may vary with microalgae species (Rivero-Rodríguez et al, 2007). It is widely accepted that PUFA derive mainly from microalgae diet (Langdon and Waldock, 1981) because bivalves have a limited capacity to synthesize them (Ehteshami et al, 2011;Fernández-Reiriz et al, 2017). Thus, the nutritional value of the diet is often determined by the amount of PUFA, such as EPA and DHA.…”

“…EPA and DHA are considered two of the most important EFA required to gametogenesis (Ehteshami et al, ), being that higher accumulation of EPA in females has been suggested to be related to oocyte maturation and release during spawning while greater levels of DHA in males have been suggested to be involved in the synthesis of the spermatocyte membrane (Fernández‐Reiriz et al, ). Dridi and Romdhane () showed that FA content varied significantly during a whole year of analysis and showed a negative and significant correlation with the gametogenic condition.…”

Tracing the Thermal History of Seafood Products through Lysophospholipid Analysis by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry

“…It is worth noting that although several studies have been already dedicated to the lipid fraction of some of the selected products—namely clams of Ruditapes philippinarum sp. [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], oysters of Ostrea edulis sp. and Crassostrea gigas [ 21 , 24 ], octopuses of Octopus vulgaris sp.…”