Fatty Acid Composition of the Maternal Diet During the First or the Second Half of Gestation Influences the Fatty Acid Composition of Sows' Milk and Plasma, and Plasma of Their Piglets

Amusquivar, Encarnacíón; Laws, J. A.; Clarke, L.; Herrera, Emílio

doi:10.1007/s11745-010-3415-2

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The endogenously low levels of RBC DHA at baseline may be explained in part by the negligible levels of DHA in the sow milk (0.01 ± 0.01% total FA), as were previously determined for this sow herd (Tyburczy et al, 2010a; Tyburczy et al, 2010b). The content of RBC DHA on days 14 and 21 is consistent with most (Amusquivar et al, 2010; Blanaru et al, 2004; Mathews et al, 2002; Mollard et al, 2005), but not all (Huang et al, 2007) studies of rapidly-growing, neonatal pigs with comparable DHA intakes, but is lower than the RBC DHA levels of human infants (Hoffman et al, 2008; Hoffman et al, 2006; Miller et al, 2010; Minns et al, 2010). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Evaluation of bioequivalency and toxicological effects of three sources of arachidonic acid (ARA) in domestic piglets

Tyburczy

Brenna

DeMari

et al. 2011

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are routinely added to infant formula to support growth and development. We evaluated the bioequivalence and safety of three ARA-rich oils for potential use in infant formula using the neonatal pig model. The primary outcome for bioequivalence was brain accretion of ARA and DHA. Days 3 to 22 of age, domestic pigs fed one of three formulas, each containing ARA at ~0.64% and DHA at ~0.34% total fatty acids (FA). Control diet ARA was provided by ARASCO® and all diets had DHA from DHASCO® (Martek Biosciences Corp., Columbia, MD). The experimental diets a1 and a2 provided ARA from Refined Arachidonic acid-rich Oil (RAO; Cargill, Inc., Wuhan, China) and SUNTGA40S (Nissui, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), respectively. Formula intake and growth were similar across all diets, and ARA was bioequivalent across treatments in the brain, retina, heart, liver and day 21 RBC. DHA levels in the brain, retina and heart were unaffected by diet. Liver sections, clinical chemistry, and hematological parameters were normal. We conclude that RAO and SUNTGA40S, when added to formula to supply ~0.64% ARA are safe and nutritionally bioequivalent to ARASCO in domestic piglets.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Evaluation of bioequivalency and toxicological effects of three sources of arachidonic acid (ARA) in domestic piglets

Tyburczy

Brenna

DeMari

et al. 2011

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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“…The essential role of lipids during the perinatal period has received more attention in the last decades [12,27,[32][33][34][35][36]. Postnatal fatty acid availability in the neonate depends on fatty acid content of milk, and milk fatty acid profile has been found to be related with maternal diet [36][37][38][39]. In the present study we focused on the effects of maternal supplementation with different fat sources (olive oil, butter and margarine which are used widely in the Western diet) on fatty acid milk composition and on the possible impact of these fat sources on offspring weight gain and fat accumulation during the suckling period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Dietary Fat Affects Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Impacts on Weight Gain and Thermogenic Capacity of Suckling Rats

Priego

Sánchez

García

et al. 2013

Lipids

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We aimed to assess the effects of maternal supplementation with the main fat sources used in the human Western diet (olive oil, butter, margarine) on milk FA composition and on plasma FA profile of offspring, and to determine whether it may influence body-weight-gain (BWG) and adiposity of offspring during the suckling period. Wistar rats were supplemented with the different fat sources from day 14 of gestation and throughout lactation. Olive oil-supplemented dams showed the highest proportion of oleic-acid in milk, with no changes in plasma. Their offspring also showed the highest proportion of this FA in plasma, lower BWG during the suckling period, and higher levels of UCP1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) at weaning. Margarine-supplemented dams showed the highest percentage of PUFA in milk, and a similar tendency was found in plasma of their offspring. Butter-supplemented dams displayed higher proportion of saturated FA (SFA) in milk compared to other fat-supplemented dams, but lower than controls. Control offspring also showed higher proportion of SFA in plasma and greater BWG during the suckling period than fat-supplemented groups. Significant correlations were found between the relative content of some milk FA and BWG of offspring, in particular, oleic-acid levels correlated negatively with BWG and positively with UCP1 levels. These results show that maternal dietary source of fat affects milk FA composition and circulating FA profile, as could be expected, but also BWG and thermogenic capacity of offspring during the suckling period. An effect of oleic-acid stimulating BAT thermogenic capacity of suckling pups is proposed.

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“…This confirms that either DHA is taken up through the placenta into the embryo during early pregnancy or that more EPA was taken up by the embryo and then converted to DHA. As tissues of pigs from n-3 LCPUFA supplemented sows also showed higher EPA and DHA levels at birth than pigs from Control sows (Rooke et al, 2001b and2001c), it is likely that n-3 LCPUFA uptake continues throughout gestation, although Amusquivar et al (2010) showed that n-3 LCPUFA levels were increased in sow milk and pig plasma when sows were only supplemented with n-3 LCPUFA during the first half of gestation (days 1 to 60), suggesting that n-3 LCPUFAs can be stored in maternal adipose tissue and mobilized during milk production. When sows were supplemented with n-3 LCPUFAs in gestation and lactation, n-3 LCPUFA levels were also higher in colostrum and milk (Taugbol et al, 1993;Rooke et al, 2000 and2001a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses to n-3 fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation of gestating gilts, and lactating and weaned sows

Smit

Patterson

Webel

et al. 2013

Animal

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Feeding n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) to gilts or sows has shown different responses to litter growth, pre-weaning mortality and subsequent reproductive performance of the sow. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) that feeding a marine oil-based supplement rich in protected n-3 LCPUFAs to gilts in established gestation would improve the growth performance of their litters; and (2) that continued feeding of the supplement during lactation and after weaning would offset the negative effects of lactational catabolism induced, using an established experimental model involving feed restriction of lactating primiparous sows. A total of 117 primiparous sows were pair-matched at day 60 of gestation by weight, and when possible, litter of origin, and were allocated to be either control sows (CON) fed standard gestation and lactation diets, or treated sows (LCPUFA) fed the standard diets supplemented with 84 g/day of a n-3 LCPUFA rich supplement, from day 60 of first gestation, through a 21-day lactation, and until euthanasia at day 30 of their second gestation. All sows were feed restricted during the last 7 days of lactation to induce catabolism, providing a background challenge against which to determine beneficial effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on subsequent reproduction. In the absence of an effect on litter size or birth weight, n-3 LCPUFA tended to improve piglet BW gain from birth until 34 days after weaning ( P 5 0.06), while increasing pre-weaning mortality ( P 5 0.05). It did not affect energy utilization by the sow during lactation, thus not improving the catabolic state of the sows. Supplementation from weaning until day 30 of second gestation did not have an effect on embryonic weight, ovulation rate or early embryonic survival, but did increase corpora lutea (CL) weight ( P 5 0.001). Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were increased in sow serum and CL ( P , 0.001), whereas only DHA levels increased in embryos ( P , 0.01). In conclusion, feeding n-3 LCPUFA to gilts tended to improve litter growth, but did not have an effect on overall subsequent reproductive performance.

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Fatty Acid Composition of the Maternal Diet During the First or the Second Half of Gestation Influences the Fatty Acid Composition of Sows' Milk and Plasma, and Plasma of Their Piglets

Cited by 27 publications

References 61 publications

Evaluation of bioequivalency and toxicological effects of three sources of arachidonic acid (ARA) in domestic piglets

Evaluation of bioequivalency and toxicological effects of three sources of arachidonic acid (ARA) in domestic piglets

Maternal Dietary Fat Affects Milk Fatty Acid Profile and Impacts on Weight Gain and Thermogenic Capacity of Suckling Rats

Responses to n-3 fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation of gestating gilts, and lactating and weaned sows

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