Fatty Acids

Kohlmeier, Martin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-387784-0.00005-5

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Then, the fatty acid chain is modified by the addition of functional groups such as methyl or ethyl groups. The end products of these reactions are fatty acid derivatives such as ethyl acetate, methyl butyrate, and ethyl butyrate. − In carambola fruits, glucose, fructose, and pyruvic acid responses were upregulated in FT and KT, leading to upregulation in the contents of downstream compounds including ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, octanal, and 1-octanol but downregulation of succinate (intermediate), methyl hexanoate, and octanoic acid. However, no significant correlation was obtained between precursors, intermediates, and product compounds except for the negative correlation between pyruvic acid and octanoic acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Volatilomics and Metabolomics Unveils Key Flavor-Related Biological Pathways in Different Carambola Cultivars

Wang

Crane

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Carambola is a tropical fruit that is highly sought after by consumers due to its unique flavor, star shape, and nutritional value. Enhancing the flavor quality of this fruit can increase the consumer acceptance and market demand. However, flavor is an intrinsic characteristic of fruits. Its decoding requires in-depth knowledge based on recognizing key biological pathways relevant to flavor formation and development. In this study, the volatile and non-volatile metabolites contributing to the flavor variation of five carambola cultivars were investigated by a novel strategy combining GC–MS/O-based volatilomics with LC–MS-based metabolomics. Several significant flavor-related pathways, involving biosynthesis or metabolism of amino acids, terpenoids, fatty acids, sugar and organic acid, and flavonoids were identified based on the enrichment analysis of important volatile and non-volatile metabolites. The results indicated that there were metabolites in the flavor-related pathways being up- or downregulated, leading to the differences in flavor traits of different carambola cultivars. This study could provide a valuable reference for breeders and researchers of interest in the mechanisms underlying the regulation of flavor, which would ultimately lead to the creation of carambola cultivars with more attractive flavor profiles and pleasurable consuming experiences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Volatilomics and Metabolomics Unveils Key Flavor-Related Biological Pathways in Different Carambola Cultivars

Wang

Crane

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Myristic and stearic acids are the most abundant saturated fatty acids in mammals [ 30 ]. Myristic acid has for 8 to 12% of total fat in milk, and a more substantial intake of this lipid raises LDL concentrations [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cow’s milk with different PUFA n-6: n-3 ratios on performance, serum lipid profile, and blood parameters of grower gilts

Reis

Silva

Salles³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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The concern with human health has increased the interest in producing foods enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), directly or naturally, by inclusion in the animals’ diet. The positive effects such as antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic have been observed in pigs and rats, used as human models for study. The present study evaluated the effect of cow’s milk with different lipid profiles on performance, serum fatty acid profile, biochemical analysis, and a complete blood count of gilts used as a human model. At 34 days, thirty gilts were equally distributed in three treatments. Experimental treatments were milk from cows without the oil supplementation (C), milk from cows fed an enriched diet with linseed oil (n-3), and milk from cows fed an enriched diet with soybean oil (n-6). Milk supplementation was performed until 190 days old, provided once in the morning. The n-3 and n-6 milk reduced the concentration of myristic acid in the blood and increased the leukocytes. Milk enriched with n-3 compared to n-6 reduced the stearic acid. In conclusion, milk with a better PUFA profile can reduce saturated fatty acids in the blood and alter the concentration of cells in the defense system.

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“…In mammalian catabolic pathways, phytanoyl-CoA undergoes α-oxidation and β-oxidation in peroxisomes and mitochondria ( Kohlmeier, 2015 ; Durrett and Welti, 2021 ; Gutbrod et al, 2021 ). In plants, phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase and 2-hydroxy-phytanoyl-CoA lyase have been localized to peroxisomes and characterized to be the main pathway of phytanoyl-CoA metabolism ( Araújo et al, 2011a ; Yang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Potential Respiratory Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence for such transport and the identity of a mitochondrial isobutyryl-CoA transporter is still lacking ( Hildebrandt et al, 2015 ; Hildebrandt, 2018 ). In addition to isobutyryl-CoA, earlier steps in phytol metabolism can result in the production of acetyl-CoA, succinate, and formate ( Kohlmeier, 2015 ) that can each act as direct respiratory substrates via known pathways as discussed previously.…”

Section: Potential Respiratory Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The diversity of substrates for plant respiration and how to optimize their use

Millar

2022

Plant Physiology

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Plant respiration is a foundational biological process with the potential to be optimized to improve crop yield. To understand and manipulate the outputs of respiration, the inputs of respiration – respiratory substrates - need to be probed in detail. Mitochondria house substrate catabolic pathways and respiratory machinery, so transport into and out of these organelles plays an important role in committing substrates to respiration. The large number of mitochondrial carriers and catabolic pathways that remain unidentified hinder this process and lead to confusion about the identity of direct and indirect respiratory substrates in plants. The sources and usage of respiratory substrates vary and are increasing found to be highly regulated based on cellular processes and environmental factors. This review covers the use of direct respiratory substrates following transport through mitochondrial carriers and catabolism under normal and stressed conditions. We suggest introduction of enzymes not currently found in plant mitochondria to enable serine and acetate to be direct respiratory substrates in plants. We also compare respiratory substrates by assessing energetic yields, availability in cells, and their full or partial oxidation during cell catabolism. This information can assist in decisions to use synthetic biology approaches to alter the range of respiratory substrates in plants. As a result, respiration could be optimized by introducing, improving, or controlling specific mitochondrial transporters and mitochondrial catabolic pathways.

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Fatty Acids

Cited by 6 publications

References 146 publications

Integration of Volatilomics and Metabolomics Unveils Key Flavor-Related Biological Pathways in Different Carambola Cultivars

Integration of Volatilomics and Metabolomics Unveils Key Flavor-Related Biological Pathways in Different Carambola Cultivars

Effect of cow’s milk with different PUFA n-6: n-3 ratios on performance, serum lipid profile, and blood parameters of grower gilts

The diversity of substrates for plant respiration and how to optimize their use

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