“…From an application perspective, fault detection systems have been developed in many areas such as rolling bearing, machines, industrial systems, mechatronics systems, industrial cyber-physical systems, and industrial-scale telescopes, to name a few [ 15 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 ].…”