Fe₃O₄/bioactive glass nanostructure: a promising therapeutic platform for osteosarcoma treatment

Abstract

An effective strategy of hyperthermia-chemotherapy-regeneration for bone-related cancer treatments is presented.For this purpose, a new approach of magnetic particles (MPs) encapsulated in bioactive glass (BG) structure, with anti-cancer activity, is evaluated. MPs are initially synthesized using co-precipitation method and then embedded into BG structure through sol-gel synthesis process. Results confirmed the formation of a crystalline and pure MP structure. MP-BG particles were found to be bioactive by forming a hydroxyapatite layer on their surface. The hyperthermia application of MP-BG system was also studied. It was found that the particles reach a temperature of 42 °C in an alternating magnetic field. Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used anticancer drug, was loaded in MP-BG. To enhance loading efficiency, BG was surface modified to create NH 2 groups on the surface. The encapsulation and release of DOX was studied over 48 h. In vitro tests were performed using human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63). The results demonstrated the non-cytotoxic nature of MP and MP-BG tested at various concentrations. DOX release from MP-BG resulted in decreased MG63 viability. Also, fluorescence microscopy visualization confirmed the intracellular uptake of MP-BG particles and the release of DOX. These results indicate that our suggested strategy of combined hyperthermia-chemotherapy-regeneration using MP-BG structure represents a powerful approach in cancer treatment and tissue regeneration. KEYWORD: Bioactive glass particles; magnetic Fe 3 O 4 particles; hyperthermia; osteosarcoma; doxorubicin.

Magnetic bioactive glass nano-heterostructures: a deeper insight into magnetic hyperthermia properties in the scope of bone cancer treatment

“…Indeed, due to the poor control of the magnetic NPs nucleation and growth, in the work of Li et al the M s value reaches only as high as 3.57 emu g −1 despite a more than 10 times higher iron content, 56 and in other studies, M s values remain below 1 emu g −1 with a similar iron content. 57,58 On the other hand, while using preformed iron oxide NPs, other authors obtained higher M s values depending on the SPIONs content, from 1.58 to 3.48 emu g −1 for SPIONs-loaded BG scaffold, 26 14.16 emu g −1 , 59 and up to 17.88 emu g −1 , 60 for encapsulated SPIONs in BG. In their review on bioactive glass in cancer therapy, Sharifi et al reached the same conclusion while comparing magnetic responsive mesoporous BGs.…”

A critical review of bioactive glasses and glass–ceramics in cancer therapy

“…75 The results demonstrated that these smart systems provided higher toxicity for cancer cells in vitro and showed a selective increase in tumor death in vivo. 15,[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] After entering the body, the drug goes through four stages, including absorption, release, F I G U R E 4 (A) Schematic of drug-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) preparation. (B) The effect of MBGs on cancer cells and normal cells.…”

“…102,103 MBG nanospheres showed continuous and long-term local release of DOX in many studies. 82,86,104 Hu et al 77 studied the cytotoxicity of DOX-Se-MBG and DOX-free nanospheres (Se-MBG) in the context of bone tissue engineering. It was proved that the cytotoxicity of DOX-Se-MBG and Se-MBG nanospheres depends on release time and drug dosage.…”

“…156 It has been shown that MBGs containing iron oxide phase(s) (Fe 3 O 4 , FeO) are endowed with the double ability of loading/releasing anticancer drugs and eliciting a hyperthermic effect due to the presence of magnetic crystals via ferrimagnetic properties. 76,78,86,[157][158][159] Many fabrication techniques like melt-quenching, powder-sintering, and sol-gel, as well as various compositions such as SiO 2 -CaO-Fe 2 O 3 -ZnO, 160 Fabrication methods, sintering temperature, crystallization, 173,174 synthesis atmosphere, 175 additives, 176,177 and dopants 159,178 are important parameters that affect the structural, magnetic and biological properties of BGs and BGCs. Apart from the conventional fabrication methods, new techniques like the sol-gel method, electrospinning, and 3D printing were also developed to improve the properties of BGs and BGCs.…”

“…In some cases, a more finely controlled drug release can be achieved by using pH‐sensitive polymer coatings on the surface of glass carriers 75 . The results demonstrated that these smart systems provided higher toxicity for cancer cells in vitro and showed a selective increase in tumor death in vivo 15,75–86 . After entering the body, the drug goes through four stages, including absorption, release, metabolism, and excretion.…”