Fe₃O₄-Polyaniline Nanocomposite for Non-enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Abstract

This study proposes the development of an electrochemical sensor based on fabrication of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with Fe 3 O 4 -polyaniline (Fe 3 O 4 -PANI) nanocomposite, which was further used for enzyme-less detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in aqueous medium. Spectroscopic studies, microstructural studies, and elemental analysis established the formation of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with polyaniline coating. The fabricated Fe 3 O 4 -PANI-GCE was characterized by electrochemical techniques like cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical response of 2,4-D on Fe 3 O 4 -PANI-GCE was evaluated by performing cyclic voltammetry and amperometry experiments. The synergistic effect of the composite causes the superior electrochemical behavior of Fe 3 O 4 -PANI-GCE toward the detection of 2,4-D. Amperometric measurements exhibited a linear concentration range from 1.35 to 2.7 μM. The sensitivity and detection limit were evaluated from the amperometric responses, which were found to be 4.62 × 10 −7 μA μM −1 cm −2 and 0.21 μM, respectively. The electrochemical sensing response could be attributed to adsorption of 2,4-D onto the Fe 3 O 4 -PANImodified GCE (Fe 3 O 4 -PANI-GCE) surface. Fe 3 O 4 -PANI-GCE is found to be a simple, low-cost, and biocompatible non-enzymatic sensor for detection of 2,4-D in aqueous medium at ambient temperature.

Highly Precise and Sensitive Approach for Direct Electrochemical Sensing of Phosphates Using Zinc Ferrite Impregnated-Polyaniline Coated Electrodes

“…Recently PANI-nickel complex [22], Fe 3 O 4 -PANI nanocomposite [23] and dipicolylamine-Zinc(II) complex [24] have been used as e cient sensor electrodes for direct electrochemical sensing and detection of phosphate ions in fresh water e uents. In these studies it was assumed that π-conjugated structure of PANI would exhibit excellent redox properties along with high surface area, while the presence of transition metal particles would contribute to good electrocatalytic activities and strong adsorption capabilities.…”

Quantum dot decorated polyaniline plastic as a multifunctional nanocomposite: experimental and theoretical approach

“…Bhanita et al have fabricated a glassy carbon-based Fe 3 O 4 @PANI electrochemical sensor for the detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. 34 The sensor shows a linear concentration-response. The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensor were found to be high.…”

Polyaniline‐ZnO−NiO Nanocomposite Based Non‐enzymatic Electrochemical Sensor for Malathion Detection

“…Conducting polymers have recently attracted great research interest as potential sensing platforms owing to their flexibility, high sensitivity, excellent redox properties, and low cost [13][14][15]. Among the various conducting polymers, Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most widely investigated due to its excellent electrical conductivity, oxidative characteristics, environmental stability, ease of synthesis, and low fabrication cost [16,17].…”