Feasibility of automated visual field examination in children between 5 and 8 years of age.

Safran, Avinoam B.; Laffi, G. L.; Bullinger, André; Viviani, Paolo; Weisse, C. de; Desangles, D.; Tschopp, Chantal; Mermoud, Christophe

doi:10.1136/bjo.80.6.515

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The few available systematic studies concerning automated visual field testing in children mainly agree that 8 years of age is about the cut-off age for obtaining reliable results. As Tschopp et al (1995Tschopp et al ( , 1998aTschopp et al ( , 1998bTschopp et al ( , 1999 and Safran et al (1996) have shown, younger children can be tested after a familiarization phase, but this limits clinical practicability. In our study, it was noted that children up to 8 years of age performed better with the ramp stimulus (CLIP) than with a staircase strategy (fast threshold), but many of our results were still found to be non-reliable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some studies have examined children in their habitual school environment after training (Tschopp et al 1995(Tschopp et al , 1998a(Tschopp et al , 1998b(Tschopp et al , 1999Safran et al 1996), others have used paid volunteers (Morales & Brown 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a series of detailed experiments, Tschopp et al (1995Tschopp et al ( , 1998aTschopp et al ( , 1998bTschopp et al ( , 1999 and Safran et al (1996) evaluated automated static perimetry with the Octopus 2000R perimeter in 5-8-yearolds. These studies concluded that a preliminary familiarization phase with a special adaptation program is mandatory for testing children younger than 7 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility and outcome of automated static perimetry in children using continuous light increment perimetry (CLIP) and fast threshold strategy

Wabbels

Wilscher

2005

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: Visual field testing in children is always a challenge as testing is hampered by fatigue effects, easy distraction and lack of comprehension. For that reason new testing strategies for automated perimetry have mainly been evaluated on adults. We tested the feasibility and outcome of automated static perimetry in children in a standard clinical setting. Methods: Twenty-eight children aged 5-14 years were examined at the Twinfield perimeter, including healthy children, children with unilateral pathologies (normal eye tested) and children with strabismus. Fast threshold strategy (FT) and continuous light increment perimetry (CLIP) strategy were used in a randomized order. One eye per subject was examined and each test was performed twice. Results: Reliable results were obtained in many children starting from the age of 8 years. In children aged 13 years and over, adult testing strategies were possible in most cases with good reproducibility. No significant difference was found between the children with strabismus and the other children. Mean sensitivity (MS) increased and fixation losses decreased as a function of age. Continuous light increment perimetry showed a lower number of abnormal fields and fewer false-positive errors compared to FT. Conclusion: Automated static perimetry is possible in many children in a clinical setting using a commercially available Twinfield perimeter in a session of clinically practical duration. Test performance was not only dependent on age, but also on the child's maturity and ability to concentrate. Especially in children up to the age of 8 years, testing with the ramp stimulus (CLIP) was easier than with a staircase strategy (FT).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility and outcome of automated static perimetry in children using continuous light increment perimetry (CLIP) and fast threshold strategy

Wabbels

Wilscher

2005

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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“…When examining their results further, mean sensitivity values are variable until 11-12 years. Safran et al, 28 also using the Octopus perimeter, used a static testing strategy on the central 15 , and found good reliability in 8-year-olds. They noted that a training programme improved results, especially in the younger children.…”

Section: Feasibility Of Testing Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Visual Fields in Children and Young Adults Using Semi-automated Kinetic Perimetry: Feasibility of Testing, Normative Data, and Repeatability

Bjerre

Codina

Griffiths

2014

Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Normative visual field area, feasibility and repeatability using (Octopus) semi-automated kinetic perimetry are reported in 221 healthy volunteers aged 5-22 years. I4e and I2e stimuli assessed the visual field at 5 /second ( /s) or 3 /s. Blind spot was assessed with I2e at 2 /s. Reliable visual fields were plotted in 23% of participants 510 years, 64% of 10-12-year-olds, and 98% aged 13-22 years. Visual field areas were unchanged with age using 5 /s, but increased using 3 /s for I2e (p = 0.028). Blind spot area was unchanged with age. Reaction times reduced with age (p50.004). There was no learning effect. A test speed of 5 /s is recommended.

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“…The shortest test was obtained using SITA Fast with stimulus size III (3.3 min). Safran et al [9] examined girls aged 5–8 years, using the Octopus 2000R perimeter with a custom ‘two-level’ strategy that tested 12 locations at 15° eccentricity. Mean test duration for one eye was 13 min in 5-year-olds and 7 min in 8-year-olds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of an Effective Visual Field Testing Strategy for a Normal Pediatric Population

Akar

Yılmaz²,

Yücel³

2008

Ophthalmologica

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Aim: To investigate which visual field testing strategy yields more reliable and tolerable field analysis in a normal pediatric population. Material and Methods: 68 healthy children aged 6–13 years with no ocular or systemic diseases were included in the study. One randomly selected eye of each child underwent standard achromatic visual field analysis using a Model 750 Humphrey Field Analyzer II (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, Calif., USA). We evaluated the reliability criteria (false negative, false positive and fixation loss scores) and the duration of the visual field tests performed by Fastpac (with stimulus sizes III and V, respectively) and SITA Fast with stimulus size III. Moreover, subjects underwent Goldmann perimetry testing with stimulus V. Ability to complete the perimetry tests was also scored. Perimetric analysis was stopped before the end if signs of fatigue appeared. Mean sensitivity, mean defect and pattern standard deviation were recorded for automated tests. Results: All subjects but 8 successfully completed each of four tests. The mean duration of the tests was 4.23, 5.46, 6.35 and 11.06 min for SITA Fast with stimulus size III, Fastpac with stimulus size V, Size III and Goldmann perimetry, respectively (p < 0.001). Both false-negative and false-positive test scores were found to be significantly lower for SITA Fast with stimulus size III compared to the other automated tests (p < 0.01). Children older than 8 years (n = 35) achieved significantly higher test reliability scores (p < 0.01). Conclusion: As early detection of structural and functional visual abnormalities may be of utmost importance in the pediatric population considering many potentially serious neurological and ocular problems met with, accurate and reproducible visual field testing is vital. To achieve this goal, visual field testing with SITA Fast algorithm seemed to be a promising strategy for a pediatric population in a typical clinical setting.

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Feasibility of automated visual field examination in children between 5 and 8 years of age.

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Feasibility and outcome of automated static perimetry in children using continuous light increment perimetry (CLIP) and fast threshold strategy

Feasibility and outcome of automated static perimetry in children using continuous light increment perimetry (CLIP) and fast threshold strategy

Peripheral Visual Fields in Children and Young Adults Using Semi-automated Kinetic Perimetry: Feasibility of Testing, Normative Data, and Repeatability

Assessment of an Effective Visual Field Testing Strategy for a Normal Pediatric Population

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