Feasibility of Code-Level Altimetry Using Coastal BeiDou Reflection (BeiDou-R) Setups

Zhang, Yun; Tian, Lide; Meng, Wanting; Gu, Qing; Han, Yanling; Hong, Zhonghua

doi:10.1109/jstars.2015.2446684

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…On the basis of the experiment I simulation parameters, we obtained the averaged scattering coefficients of both oilslicked and clean ocean surfaces over the observation surface by using (6), (8), and (9). Figure 6(a) shows the averaged scattering coefficients of both oil-slicked and clean ocean surfaces in the IGSO scenario.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, reflections of GNSS signals from different types of surfaces have been widely studied. Several remote sensing applications presently using GNSS-R technology include ocean altimetry [7][8][9][10], ocean wind [11][12][13], ocean wave sensing [14][15][16], and sea ice detection [17][18][19]. In addition, the possibility of detecting an oil-slicked sea surface using GNSS-R technology simulation has been investigated by Valencia et al [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of Oil Slick Detection Using BeiDou‐R Coastal Simulation

Zhang

Chen

Hong

et al. 2017

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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Oil spills, which can cause severe immediate and long-term harm to marine ecological environments for decades after the initial accident, require rapid and accurate monitoring. Currently, optical and radar satellite images are used to monitor oil spills; however, remote sensing generally needs a long revisit period. Global Navigation Satellite System reflected signals (GNSS-R) can provide all-weather and all-day ocean monitoring and is therefore more suitable for oil spill monitoring. To assess the feasibility of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System reflected signals (BeiDou-R) in detecting oil slicks, a BeiDou-R coastal simulated experiment is performed in this study on the oil slick distribution of an oil pipeline explosion accident. We set up an observation point and selected observation satellites, and a delay-Doppler map (DDM) of an oil-slicked sea surface under coastal scenarios was created by combining the mean-square slope (MSS) model for oil-slicked/clean surfaces and the Zavorotny-Voronovich (Z-V) scattering model. DDM simulation of the coastal scenarios effectively represents the scattering coefficient distribution of the presence of an oil slick. Theoretical analysis revealed that oil slicks can be detected within a radius of less than 5 km around the specular reflection point (SP) for BeiDou-R coastal simulation.

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Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Oil Slick Detection Using BeiDou‐R Coastal Simulation

Zhang

Chen

Hong

et al. 2017

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…There are three ground-based GNSS-R methods to retrieve sea surface height (SSH): SNR method [10], [11], code delay method and phase delay method [12], [13]. The SNR method altimetry setup contains only one GNSS receiver, which measures the surface height through the SNR evolution with the elevation angle of the GNSS satellite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can provide long-term stable specular point geometry and signal propagation paths for GNSS-R observations [22]. Recent studies have demonstrated the capability of sea surface altimetry using BDS-R altimetry technology with a limited amount of data [12], [23], [24]. However, the RMSE (root mean square error) between estimation results and measurements is decimeter level, still possible to be improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Surface Height Estimation by Ground-Based BDS GEO Satellite Reflectometry

Chen

Gao

et al. 2020

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observations Remote Sensing

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Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) as a mixed constellation, consists of not only Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites but also Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, of which the GEO satellites remain visible and stationary in the Asia-Pacific region almost all the time so as to better ensure the reflected signals' stability and continuity, compared to using only MEO satellites in previous GNSS-R remote sensing research. This paper demonstrates ocean altimetry capability using reflected signals from BDS GEO satellite with coastal experiments conducted in Weihai, Shandong, China on July 6 and July 9, 2019. By using only one GEO satellite, the precision of DDM (Delay Doppler Map) and phase altimetry is up to decimeter (close to millimeter) level. And the results show that BDS GEO-R technique can be used to monitor small changes in ocean altimetry with high temporal resolution.

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“…With the completion of the global network of the BeiDou system in recent years, more and more research has been done in the field of remote sensing using its reflected signals. The BeiDou reflectometry software receiver has been exploited in two coastal experiments on Dishui Lake and Dayangshan Port [20], whose resulting error was 0.11 m. Coastal Typhoon observations were completed by using the ocean reflected signals from BeiDou GEO satellites [21]. The relationship between reflected waveform parameters, such as coherent time, and the ocean wind speed were analyzed in [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Ground Target Detection Utilizing Beidou Satellite Reflected Signals

Gao

Yang

Hong

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This paper presents a method of ground target detection using reflected signals of BeiDou satellites. The phase difference information, which is the output of the phase-lock loop (PLL) in the tracking process, is an important observation in this technique. The geometric relationships between the specular point of different BeiDou satellites and the target are established. In addition, the detection and false alarm probability are also analyzed. In order to verify the reliability of the method, an experiment in the suburb area of Beijing was completed. The target was placed in the coverage area of the left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) antenna for two time periods (10–20 s and 40–55 s). By observing the phase difference in BeiDou reflected signals in the presence of a target, it was found that the changing trend was in good agreement with the target placement time periods. In the second experiment, the target moved east and west at a speed of 0.5 m/s, and the range of motion was 6 m. During the acquisition of the BeiDou reflection signal, the target passed through the antenna 14 times. The performance of target detection with different parameters was observed by extracting in-phase (I) branch component data, phase difference information, and the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) of five BeiDou reflected signals. The experimental results allowed three conclusions to be drawn as follows: (1) The target detection performance of the three parameters has a certain relationship with the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the satellite; (2) target motion direction information can be reflected in the change of the satellite I branch component data; (3) The CNR information of different satellite reflected signals varies greatly when the target moves, which is quite different from that of the first experimental target when it is stationary. Thus, the feasibility of target detection using BeiDou reflection signal was demonstrated through these two experiments.

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Feasibility of Code-Level Altimetry Using Coastal BeiDou Reflection (BeiDou-R) Setups

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Feasibility of Oil Slick Detection Using BeiDou‐R Coastal Simulation

Feasibility of Oil Slick Detection Using BeiDou‐R Coastal Simulation

Sea Surface Height Estimation by Ground-Based BDS GEO Satellite Reflectometry

Performance Analysis of Ground Target Detection Utilizing Beidou Satellite Reflected Signals

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