Feasibility of Monitoring the Hontomín (Burgos, Spain) CO2 Storage Site Using a Deep EM Source

Vilamajo, Eloi; Queralt, Pilar; Ledo, Juanjo; Marcuello, Álex

doi:10.1007/s10712-013-9238-y

Cited by 45 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Numerical studies have demonstrated the feasibility of CSEM monitoring, mainly focusing on marine environments (e.g., Wright, Ziolkowski, and Hobbs ; Lien and Mannseth ; Orange, Key, and Constable ; Andréis and MacGregor ) but more recently also for land‐based applications (Wirianto, Mulder, and Slob ; Bhuyian, Landrø, and Johansen ; Vilamajó et al . ; Zhdanov et al . ; Schaller et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled‐source electromagnetic monitoring of reservoir oil saturation using a novel borehole‐to‐surface configuration

Tietze

Ritter

Veeken³

2015

Geophysical Prospecting

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To advance and optimize secondary and tertiary oil recovery techniques, it is essential to know the areal propagation and distribution of the injected fluids in the subsurface. We investigate the applicability of controlled‐source electromagnetic methods to monitor fluid movements in a German oilfield (Bockstedt, onshore Northwest Germany) as injected brines (highly saline formation water) have much lower electrical resistivity than the oil within the reservoir. The main focus of this study is on controlled‐source electromagnetic simulations to test the sensitivity of various source–receiver configurations. The background model for the simulations is based on two‐dimensional inversion of magnetotelluric data gathered across the oil field and calibrated with resistivity logs. Three‐dimensional modelling results suggest that controlled‐source electromagnetic methods are sensitive to resistivity changes at reservoir depths, but the effect is difficult to resolve with surface measurements only. Resolution increases significantly if sensors or transmitters can be placed in observation wells closer to the reservoir. In particular, observation of the vertical electric field component in shallow boreholes and/or use of source configurations consisting of combinations of vertical and horizontal dipoles are promising. Preliminary results from a borehole‐to‐surface controlled‐source electromagnetic field survey carried out in spring 2014 are in good agreement with the modelling studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlled‐source electromagnetic monitoring of reservoir oil saturation using a novel borehole‐to‐surface configuration

Tietze

Ritter

Veeken³

2015

Geophysical Prospecting

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“…Note that the observation borehole is only 1000 m deep in order to ensure the integrity of the sealing cap rock above the trapped CO 2 . Such a configuration is advantageous because it enhances the sensitivity close to the reservoir (see, e.g., Kiessling et al, 2010) and Vilamajó et al (2013)). We therefore consider the conservative and more general case of monitoring above the cap rock.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 1D sensitivity study from Streich and Becken (2011) has shown that the electric field is measurably influenced by the presence of a thin resistive horizontal layer, which provides a theoretical basis for resistive reservoir monitoring and characterization on land. Vilamajó et al (2013) reported their work on monitoring the CO 2 storage at Hontomin (Burgos, Spain, by a deep EM source). For instance, Wirianto, Mulder, and Slob (2010) used a finite-volume code to monitor the timelapse electromagnetic (EM) response underlying a properly modified SEG/EAGE overthrust model.…”

Section: Modelling Of Controlled-source Electromagnetics In the Frequmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐method virtual electromagnetic experiments for developing suitable monitoring designs: A fictitious CO₂ sequestration scenario in Northern Germany

Börner

Wang

Weißflog

et al. 2015

Geophysical Prospecting

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We present a numerical study for 3D time‐lapse electromagnetic monitoring of a fictitious CO2 sequestration using the geometry of a real geological site and a suite of suitable electromagnetic methods with different source/receiver configurations and different sensitivity patterns. All available geological information is processed and directly implemented into the computational domain, which is discretized by unstructured tetrahedral grids. We thus demonstrate the performance capability of our numerical simulation techniques. The scenario considers a CO2 injection in approximately 1100 m depth. The expected changes in conductivity were inferred from preceding laboratory measurements. A resistive anomaly is caused within the conductive brines of the undisturbed reservoir horizon. The resistive nature of the anomaly is enhanced by the CO2 dissolution regime, which prevails in the high‐salinity environment. Due to the physicochemical properties of CO2, the affected portion of the subsurface is laterally widespread but very thin. We combine controlled‐source electromagnetics, borehole transient electromagnetics, and the direct‐current resistivity method to perform a virtual experiment with the aim of scrutinizing a set of source/receiver configurations with respect to coverage, resolution, and detectability of the anomalous CO2 plume prior to the field survey. Our simulation studies are carried out using the 3D codes developed in our working group. They are all based on linear and higher order Lagrange and Nédélec finite‐element formulations on unstructured grids, providing the necessary flexibility with respect to the complex real‐world geometry. We provide different strategies for addressing the accuracy of numerical simulations in the case of arbitrary structures. The presented computations demonstrate the expected great advantage of positioning transmitters or receivers close to the target. For direct‐current geoelectrics, 50% change in electric potential may be detected even at the Earth's surface. Monitoring with inductive methods is also promising. For a well‐positioned surface transmitter, more than 10% difference in the vertical electric field is predicted for a receiver located 200 m above the target. Our borehole transient electromagnetics results demonstrate that traditional transient electromagnetics with a vertical magnetic dipole source is not well suited for monitoring a thin horizontal resistive target. This is due to the mainly horizontal current system, which is induced by a vertical magnetic dipole.

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“…IEAGHG, 2008), a multidisciplinary study was carried out to assess Hontomín's suitability for geological storage of CO 2 . This included the implementation of detailed geophysical/petrophysical (Alcalde et al, 2013a, b;Ogaya et al, 2013Ogaya et al, , 2014Ugalde et al, 2013;Vilamajó et al, 2013;Rubio et al, 2011), geomechanical (Canal et al, 2013 and hydro/geochemical Permanyer et al, 2013) characterization methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basement structure of the Hontomín CO<sub>2</sub> storage site (Spain) determined by integration of microgravity and 3-D seismic data

et al. 2016

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Abstract. A multidisciplinary study has been carried out in Hontomín (Spain) to determine the basement structural setting, its geometry and the geometry of the sedimentary succession of an area aimed to be the first Spanish pilot plant for CO 2 storage. An integration of coincident 3-D seismic results, borehole data and unpublished microgravity data were used to reproduce the deep structure and topography of the basement and to quantify the thickness of the Triassic Keuper evaporites. The subsurface structure is characterized by a half-graben setting filled with Keuper evaporites (up to 2000 m thick), forming an extensional forced fold. All data sets clearly identify two main fault systems, compartmentalizing the main structural domain into three differentiated blocks. These faults have been interpreted to be reactivated normal faults that have led to the formation of the Hontomín dome.

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Feasibility of Monitoring the Hontomín (Burgos, Spain) CO2 Storage Site Using a Deep EM Source

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Controlled‐source electromagnetic monitoring of reservoir oil saturation using a novel borehole‐to‐surface configuration

Controlled‐source electromagnetic monitoring of reservoir oil saturation using a novel borehole‐to‐surface configuration

Multi‐method virtual electromagnetic experiments for developing suitable monitoring designs: A fictitious CO₂ sequestration scenario in Northern Germany

Basement structure of the Hontomín CO<sub>2</sub> storage site (Spain) determined by integration of microgravity and 3-D seismic data

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Feasibility of Monitoring the Hontomín (Burgos, Spain) CO2 Storage Site Using a Deep EM Source

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Controlled‐source electromagnetic monitoring of reservoir oil saturation using a novel borehole‐to‐surface configuration

Controlled‐source electromagnetic monitoring of reservoir oil saturation using a novel borehole‐to‐surface configuration

Multi‐method virtual electromagnetic experiments for developing suitable monitoring designs: A fictitious CO2 sequestration scenario in Northern Germany

Basement structure of the Hontomín CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; storage site (Spain) determined by integration of microgravity and 3-D seismic data

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Multi‐method virtual electromagnetic experiments for developing suitable monitoring designs: A fictitious CO₂ sequestration scenario in Northern Germany

Basement structure of the Hontomín CO<sub>2</sub> storage site (Spain) determined by integration of microgravity and 3-D seismic data