Feasibility study in combined direct metal deposition (DMD) and plasma transfer arc welding (PTA) additive manufacturing

Dalaee, Mohammad; Cheaitani, F.; Arabi-Hashemi, A.; Röhrer, Christian; Weisse, Bernhard; Leinenbach, Christian; Wegener, Konrad

doi:10.1007/s00170-019-04917-2

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Common materials such as polymer [26] and metal [27] are fused by energy beams (lasers, electron beams, and plasma arcs) in directional energy deposition [28][29][30] and powder bed fusion technologies [31,32] to build structures. The main difference between these two technologies is that directional energy deposition technology [33,34] constructs the target object through delivering the materials to the molten pool generated by an energy beam, while powder bed fusion technology uses energy beams to fuse the selective powder bed according to the slice of the component digital model to complete the 3D printing process.…”

Section: Type and Materials Of 3d Printing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Application of 3D Printing Technology in Pavement Maintenance

et al. 2023

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To examine the application and significance of 3D printing technology in pavement maintenance engineering, a review of the current developments in principles, types, materials, and equipment for 3D printing was conducted. A comparison and analysis of traditional methods and 3D printing for asphalt pavement maintenance led to an investigation of 3D asphalt printing technologies and equipment. As a result, the following suggestions and conclusions are proposed: 3D printing technology can increase the level of automation and standardization of pavement maintenance engineering, leading to effective improvements in worker safety, climate adaptability, repair accuracy, etc. For on-site repair of cracks and minor potholes, utilizing material extrusion technology a mobile 3D asphalt printing robot with a screw extrusion device can be used for accuracy and flexibility. For efficient repair of varying cracks, material jetting technology with a UAV equipped with a 3D printing air-feeding device can be employed.

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Section: Type and Materials Of 3d Printing Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Application of 3D Printing Technology in Pavement Maintenance

et al. 2023

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“…Based on the regression Eqs. (8)(9)(10)(11) developed in the previous section, the processing map for depositing the powder material EN X3CrNiMo13-4 is constructed, as shown in Fig. 9.…”

Section: Process Map For Materials Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The productivity is essential in AM of large metallic components to make the laser DMD method economically beneficial for industries. In the previous publications [7,8], the potential integration of laser DMD technology with existing technologies was studied, aiming to enhance the deposition rate. However, the first and crucial step in this subject is to set the main processing parameters to obtain optimum parameter combinations, resulting in a maximum achievable deposition rate for the specific laser power.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters Development for Optimum Deposition Rate in Laser DMD of Stainless Steel EN X3CrNiMo13-4

Dalaee

Cerrutti

Dey

et al. 2021

Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process.

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Laser Direct Metal Deposition (DMD) has been developed as a manufacturing process to deposit coatings on existing materials and proves advantageous in Additive Manufacturing (AM) of complex and precise components. However, it is necessary to carefully determine the proper process parameter combinations to make this method economically viable for industries. The intent of this study is to address enhancement in productivity of laser DMD of stainless steel EN X3CrNiMo13-4. Accordingly, the effects of the main laser process parameters of laser power P, scan speed v, powder flow rate $$\dot{\mathrm{m}}$$ m ˙ , and spot diameter s on track geometries and build-up rate are discussed. The regression analysis is conducted to derive correlations between the combined set of main parameters and deposition rate. The results show a good linear regression correlation of R2 >0.9 for the geometrical characteristic of aspect ratio, dilution, and deposition rate. The constructed processing map, using linear regression equations, presents proper process parameters selection in connection with deposition rate, aspect ratio, and dilution rate.

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“…However, up to now, there are very few studies concentrating on applying the WAAM process for producing SMSS. Dalaee et al [ 23 ] focused on the feasibility of a combined direct metal deposition-plasma transfer arc welding AM technique of X3CrNiMo SMSS but provided scant information on the microstructure, mechanical properties or post-manufacturing heat treatments required to achieve satisfactory properties. During the WAAM, the deposited material experiences cyclic reheating with gradually shrinking temperature and cooling when the subsequent layers are deposited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing and Heat Treatment of Super Martensitic Stainless Steel with a Refined Microstructure and Excellent Mechanical Properties

et al. 2022

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Due to the advantages of relatively low cost, increased energy efficiency, increased deposition rate, and the capacity to create medium to large scale components, wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has gained growing interest. Super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS) combines outstanding strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance, making it a great option for WAAM. In the present work, an SMSS component was successfully produced by WAAM. Additionally, the influence of post-manufactured heat treatment on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of SMSS components was systematically examined. A microstructural analysis of the as-printed and heat-treated samples revealed the formation of typical martensite and a small amount of retained austenite. However, the sample heat-treated by solutionizing at 1050 °C for 1 h followed by aging at 400 °C for 2 h exhibited a finer martensitic structure with an effective grain size of 5.6 μm compared to as-printed sample, leading to an increase in ultimate tensile strength from 1054 ± 6 MPa to 1141 ± 3 MPa with a concomitant increase in elongation from 7.8 ± 0.4% to 12.6 ± 0.2%. Additionally, the fracture morphology of the solution + aging sample demonstrated a more uniform distribution and greater mean size of dimples, indicating better ductility.

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Feasibility study in combined direct metal deposition (DMD) and plasma transfer arc welding (PTA) additive manufacturing

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

A Review on the Application of 3D Printing Technology in Pavement Maintenance

A Review on the Application of 3D Printing Technology in Pavement Maintenance

Parameters Development for Optimum Deposition Rate in Laser DMD of Stainless Steel EN X3CrNiMo13-4

Wire + Arc Additive Manufacturing and Heat Treatment of Super Martensitic Stainless Steel with a Refined Microstructure and Excellent Mechanical Properties

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